food, water and energy security Flashcards
why does the uk import 46% of its food
demand for seasonal produce all year round
limited food for the populaition
bad weather so you cant grow food
cheaper for the supermarkest to import then buy local produce
why is i porting food into the uk bad
beacuse 50% of our food is from other countries which is bad as we arelainat on other countries for food
what is a cloropleth map
this is the map with various colours
what does the AO4 mark stand for
stands for using the source in your answer not qouting it
what is food security
where pople have eniugh nutritouis food to stay healthy. countries that produce a lot of food or are rich enough to import food are food secure
why do we imprt high value food into the uk
uk customers are prepared to pay more money to get the food which is out of season
in kenya they earn only 12% of the food the harvest for the uk like broceli green beans and mangtout
why is importing food bad
it increases a countries carbon foorprint for example in 2022 12% of greenhouse emsissions was just from agriculture
what percentage of organic food is imported
75%
whta is agribussiness
agribussiness is intensive farming aimed at maximisingthe amount of food produced
what is the breakdown of carbon emissions from food supply
84% is in production
11% in transportaition
5% in retail
why is kenya a good place to grow food
it has perfect weather all year round ( no cold weather)
in the uk how much water does one person use
around 150 liters per day
what is the average house hold usage of water each day
349 liters
what are the biggest water using items in someones house
shower which uses 25%
and a toilet which uses 22%
why is there an increasing demad for water in the uk
we have an increasing populaition
more houses are being built which are using water for various appliences
we use more water intensive applliences
what are the rainfall patterens in the uk
the highest rain fall in on the west coast mianly the north west with an averageo2800mm anulal rainfall
however on the east coast tehre is less than 999 mm of rain fall each year
what is the populaition distribution of the uk like
the highest populaition density in in the south east and north west has the lowest poulaition density
who is responsible for manageing water quality
the enviroment agency is responsible for manageing water quality
in southern england what percentage is from ground water
80% is from ground water now nearly 50% of groundwater sources have had to be closed due to pollution as the treatmnet needed is very exspensive
the mian threats to wtare in uk is what
pollutants from vechiles, chemical and oil spills from factories and nitrates and phospahets fro factroys
what is a way to fix water supply issues
you can transfer water from areas of surplus to deficit
how does the uk inted to fix wtaer supply isssues
by creating a pipeline like the national grid to bring water around the country
what isa problem with trying to build a pipleine across the uk
there are large costs associated with construction
the wildlife will be effected
the green house gasses emissiions in the process of water being pumped
in the uk where is water alredy transfered to
water is transfered from northern wales to mersyside and water from the lake district to manchester
what are some facts about the Uks nergy mix
there has been an increase in renewable energy from 1990-2020
cola has become less prominate
gas has only been used a few years
in 1990 the main source of enrgy was coal and nuclear
in 2007 the main sources were gas, coal and nuclear
and in 2020 it was renewables and gas
how has the uks energy consumption changed
we have become more enrgy efficient
why is the uk no longer self suficent in enrgy
because 75%of the uksoil and natural reserves have been exhausted
what percentage of energy was imported by the uk in 2019
35%
where is energy consumption per capita very high
it is very high in a HIC like canada, USA, Austarlia and muh of europe parts of the middle east also have high enrgy consuption
how do you work out the balance between enrgy supply and demand
if an area exceeds demand there willl be a enrgy surplus
why is energy consuption increasing
econmic development as when a country develops they need more enrgy to carry on developing
populaition there has been a populaition increase
and technology the increasing useage of tech like computers and other electrical equipment has led for a greater energy ddemand
what factors can effect the supply of enrgy
geology
cliamte
costs
technology
political factors
how does geology effect enrgy supply
it can determin which countries haev fossil fules
they can only be formed in certain areas
they are finite and can run out
how does cliamte effect enrgy supply
climate determines which type of renewable enrgy there is e.g solar or wind
how does costs affect enrgy supply
they can be very exspensive to develo especially on large sacle for example an oil rig costs 650 million dollars to build
how does technology affect ennergy supply
this has allowed energy sources in remote ore hostile place to be utilised for examplein the northe sea nad the arctic
how do political facors affect enrgy supply
political instabilityin the middle easthas meant that many oil consuming countries are looking for other sources
some countries may wnat other countries to stop using nuclear as they fear the will misuse
how can countries try to improve there enrgy security
try to exploite their own resources more by using new tech
reach political agreements impotr more enrgy
reducing consumption of enrgy through new tech or enrgy savings
what countries can tar sand be found in
venesuala, russia, USA and canada
what is wrong with using tar sands
oil from tar sands is one of the most destructive, carbon-intensive and toxic fuels on the planet. Producing it releases three times as much greenhouse gas pollution as conventional crude oil does.
what are the impacts of enrgy security on food security
food production uses 30 per cent of the global energy
energy is used to farm machinerary, store farm prduce and to manufacture fertilisers and chemicals to help the plants
Agriculture is also an energy generator. The use of biofules has increased in response to concersn about carbon dioxide emissions
in some hics such as tanzania and mali firewood is the source of enrgy. instead of working on the land people collect wood
what are the impacts enrgy security ca have on industry
energy is essential for industry as it the surce of power and raw materials
for example oil is important in industry due to how mnay functions it has in fuel chemical etc
ome countirws suffer from shorts of electricity prodcution resulting in power cuts
how can enrgy insecurity cause conflict
shortages of enrgycan lead to conflisct when one place has more than another
for example russia controlss 25% of thw worlds natural gas supplies
it could place pressure on its customers especially in western europe by raising prices or cutting off supplies
what are some reasons we should exploite the arctic for energy
Energy Security: The Arctic is believed to hold significant oil, natural gas, and mineral resources. Accessing these resources could enhance energy security for countries reliant on fossil fuels by diversifying their energy sources and reducing dependence on imports from politically unstable regions.
Economic Benefits: Exploiting Arctic energy resources could stimulate economic growth and create jobs, both locally in Arctic communities and in the wider economy through investment in infrastructure and extraction projects.
Technological Advances: Developing the infrastructure and technology required to extract energy resources in the harsh Arctic environment could lead to technological innovations that have broader applications beyond the region, benefiting industries such as engineering, construction, and logistics.
why shoudl we not exploite the arctic
Environmental Impact: Drilling for oil and gas in the Arctic poses significant environmental risks, including the potential for oil spills and habitat destruction that could have long-lasting consequences for fragile ecosystems and indigenous communities that rely on them.
Climate Change: Exploiting Arctic fossil fuel reserves could exacerbate climate change by releasing additional greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, further accelerating the melting of Arctic ice and contributing to global warming.
Geopolitical Tensions: The Arctic region is subject to competing territorial claims from different countries, leading to potential geopolitical tensions over resource extraction rights and access to shipping routes.
what percentage of the wordls undiscovered oil and gas reserves does the arcti have
13%= oil
30%= natural gas
what is an example where oil was spilled in the artic
in 1989 the exxon valdez a tanker carrying oil ran off alaska and dumped 11 million gallons of crude oil. marine life took over 25 years to fully recover
describe the distribution of countries that have over 50% of electricityproduce from fossil fules
in the graph you can see that i the middle east most of their countries have 50% of electricity produced by fossil fuels. however in afganistan lass that 10% is produced
what are some advanatges of fossil fules
produce high quantatys of energy
it is relativly easy to produce enegry for ff
ff is still readily avaliable
what are the dissadvanatges of fossil fules
co2 production
transportaition dangers
extration is pollutant
groundwater can be contaminated
how cac carbon capture make fossil fules more sustainable
carbon capture is the trapping of the carbon dioxide realsed when we burn fossil fules
the gas is compressed and turned into a dense liquid which can be injected deep into the ground to be stored
how is natural gas formed
it is formed when an organism dies sad and silt then compresses it as itis turned into fossils
which county produces the most natural gas
russia
what are the advantages of natural gas
provides jobs for 1.2 million peole
less risks of enviromentral acciddnet when compared to oil
can be transported in a varoety of ways
what are the diadvantages of natural gas
dangerouse if handed or transported carelessly
pipelines are exspensive to build and maintain
contributs to global warming
what are the advantages of nuclear energy
clean enrgy
doesnt produce much co2
produce vast maounts of enrgy an there is a plentyfull supply
what are the disadvantages of using nuclear enrgy
exspensive
uses pollutant materials
nuclear accidents can cause deaths and can contamintae land for years
where is chambamontera located
it is a small isolated comunity in the andes mountains of peru
why did the people in chambormontera need a renewable energy scheme
they neede ways to conect with the rest of the world
they needed jobs for their people
thye need it to help develop infatructure
what was the chambomentera micro hydro scheme
this scheme hlped divert water away from fast flowing mountain streams into a channle by a setting basin where sediment is removed.The water then drops down to a turbine via a pipeline called a penstock and it GPE is converted into kineticand then electricity.
how much did the micro hydro scheme cost in chambamonetra
51,000 dolllars however it was funded in part by the peruvian govermentbut the loca comunity also had to pay a part of the cost
what is biomass and how does it wokr as energy
Unlike other renewable energy sources, biomass can be converted directly into liquid fuels, called “biofuels,” to help meet transportation fuel needs. The two most common types of biofuels in use today are ethanol and biodiesel
what is bad about biofuel
fuel is limited
it is smokey and can create unhealthy conditions
people dont like wind beacuse ??
it is exspensive and they are veruy large whn built
why dont people like hydro electric power
the dams are very obstuctive
they are exspensive to build
what is tidal and how does it work
Tidal energy is a form of power produced by the natural rise and fall of tides caused by the gravitational interaction between Earth, the sun, and the moon. Tidal currents with sufficient energy for harvesting occur when water passes through a constriction, causing the water to move faster.
why do poeple dislike tidal power
it is very exspensive and people dont like the look of tidal barriages
what is a problem with using geothermal power
there are limited techtonically active areas where water can be heated for steam
how does wave power work
wave power, a form of renewable energy in which electricity is generated by harnessing the up-and-down motion of ocean waves. Wave power is typically produced by floating turbine platforms or buoys that rise and fall with the swells.
what is a problem with wave power
its very exspensive however it is also very effective
