Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CR 2 > Upper respiratory tract infections > Flashcards

Upper respiratory tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the upper respiratory tract

A

Nose, paranasal sinuses, middle ear, oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, tonsils and adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are majority of upper respiratory tract infections viral or bacterial

A

Viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 most common viruses causing upper resp. infections

A

Adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Usual onset of upper resp tract infections

A

1-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long do upper resp tract infections usually last

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What usually causes acute pharyngitis

A

Group A strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of strep throat

A

Sore throat

May not have runny nose/ cough/ sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Main features of colds

A

Watery to mucoid, sometimes purulent nasal discharge called coryza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What family is responsible for about 50% of common colds

A

Picrona virus family (rhinoviruses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Incubation period for rhinoviruses colds

A

1-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What follows incubation period of rhinoviruses

A

Headache, sore throat, fullness of nose

Profuse watery discharge from nose which gradually thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of immunity follows rhinovirus cold

A

Short period of immunity to all colds

Prolonged immunity to specific serotype causing recent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the proper name for croup

A

Acute laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes croup

A

Viruses (RSV, parainfluenza 1-3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs and symptoms of croup

A

Hoarseness, seals bark cough, stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of croup

A

Monitor for obstruction
Inspire humidified air
Consider ribavirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the single main pathogen in resp infections of childhood

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe morphology of paramyxoviruses

A
  • Similar to influenza
  • Roughly spherical
  • Inner helical nucleocapsid
  • Envelop studded with spikes of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Proper name for ear infection

A

Otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can group A strep infection lead to

A
  • Severe sore throat
  • Peritonsilar abscess
  • Rheumatic fever
21
Q

What causes epiglottisis

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

22
Q

Clinical features of group A strep

A
  • Sore throat, fever
  • Tender cervical nodes
  • May lead to quinsy
  • Occasionally leads to scarlet fever
  • Incubation period 2-3 days
23
Q

Lab diagnosis of strep A?

A

Bacterial culture- beta- haemolytic colonies on agar, gram positive cocci in chains, and lancefield group A (cell wall antigen)

24
Q

How to treat strep A

A

Antibiotics

25
Q

What causes glandular fever/ infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein Barr virus

26
Q

How is Epstein Barr virus diagnosed

A
  • Peripheral white cell count
  • Monospot test
  • Detection of IgM antibodies against EBV
27
Q

Management of Epstein Barr virus

A

Rest and analgaesia

Occasionally causes obstruction- hospital and steroids

28
Q

What antibiotics should be avoided in treated secondary bacterial infection bollowing Epstein Barr?

A

Ampicillin (causes a rash)

29
Q

What causes sinusitis

A

Bacterial overgrowth of normal flora

30
Q

Clinical features of epiglottis

A
  • Rapid onset of severe, sore throat, dysphagia
  • May lead to resp obstruction
  • Bacteria
31
Q

What would CT scan of person with epiglottis show

A

Swelling of soft tissues in neck

32
Q

Management of epiglottitis

A

Medical emergency:

  • Airway (intubation/ tracheostomy)
  • Antibiotics
  • Prophylaxis for unimmunised household contacts
33
Q

What microorganism causes whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

34
Q

What happens in week 1 of whooping cough

A

Catarrhal phase: cough increases

35
Q

What happens in week 3-4 of whooping cough

A

Paroxysmal stage
Severe spells of cough
Whoop is created by vigorous inspiration through glottitis
May turn blue or vommit

36
Q

Treatment of whooping cough

A

Erythromycin

37
Q

How is whooping cough diagnosed

A

Pernasal swab
Grab negative rod
Slow growing- 5 days
Direct immunofluorescence

38
Q

Define acellular vaccine

A

Contains inactive forms of pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin, agglutinogens, outer membrane protein

39
Q

What toxin causes diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

40
Q

What does the diphtheria toxin do

A

Binds to EF-Tu to form inactive diphthamide EF-Tu and stop protein synthesis

41
Q

What childhood vaccination prevent diphtheria

A

DTP

42
Q

Management of diphtheria

A 
Isolate
Anti-toxin
Penicillin
Monitor for obstruction
Contact trace
43
Q

How are adenovirus spread

A

Droplet, formites and ingestion

44
Q

What do adenoviruses infect

A

Mucous membrane of eye resp and gastro intestinal tract, occasionally urinary tract

45
Q

Describe process of viral infection

A

Virus binds to cell surface
Viral genome released into cell for replication
Viral proteins produced allowing assembly of progeny virus particles to be formed and released

46
Q

Where does influenza act on the body

A

Infects upper airways but may go down and cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis

47
Q

What do we know about pandemic waves

A

More than one way likely
Waves last 6-8 days
Gaps may be weeks or months
Subsequent wave may be worst

48
Q

How to prevent spread of influenza

A

Staff in hospitals should be vaccinated

49
Q

How can influenza be treated pharmacologically

A

Zanamavir/ oseltamavir

CR 2 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions