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CR 2 > Oxygen and respiratory failure > Flashcards

Oxygen and respiratory failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is shown in the oxygen cascase?

A

How oxygen declines from atmosphere to the mitochondria

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2
Q

How do you calculate p02 of inspired dry air at sea level

A

Concentration of oxygen in air* barometric pressure

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3
Q

What value is normal for p02 of dry air at sea level?

A

21.2pka

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4
Q

Define tracheal gas

A

P02 after humidification

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5
Q

What is Fi02

A

Fractional concentration of oxygen in dry phase

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6
Q

What is PB

A

Barometric pressure

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7
Q

What is SVP

A

Saturated vapour pressure

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8
Q

What is dry barometric pressure

A

Barometric pressure* saturated vapour pressure

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9
Q

What is the value for p02 in air at 37 degrees

A

19.9kPA

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10
Q

Define saturated vapour pressure

A

Max amount of water gas will hold

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11
Q

What order does oxygen cascade go in

A 
Dry air
Air at 37 degrees
End expiratory gas
Ideal alveolar gas
Arterial blood
Mean capillary blood
Cytoplasm
Mitochrondria
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12
Q

What affects alveolar p02

A

Affected by hypoventilation and oxygen consumptions

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13
Q

Two equations for PA02 (ideal alveolar pressure)

A

dry barometric pressure* (Fi02-VO2/VA)

= Pi02-(Paco2/R)

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14
Q

What is Pi02

A

pp of inspired oxygen

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15
Q

When is arterial P02 measured

A

During arterial blood gas

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16
Q

Define shunt

A

Area of the lung that is perfused but not ventilated

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17
Q

What determines alveolar to arterial PO2 difference?

A

Shunting

18
Q

What is the usual difference from p02 in alveolar to arterial

A

2kPa

19
Q

Equation for normal Pa02

A

=13.6-(0..044*age in years)

20
Q

What units are used to measure oxygen delivery?

A

l/min

21
Q

Equation for oxygen delivery

A

[Hb]* oxgen sat 13.410*CO of Hb

22
Q

5 physiological changes that happen in resp failure

A 
CO2 retention
Increased sympathetic tone
End organ hypoxia
Haemoglobin desaturated
Resp. concentration
23
Q

Signs of CO2 retention

A

Bounding pulse

CO2 retention flap

24
Q

Signs of increased sympathetic tone

A

Tachycardia
Sweating
Hypertension

25
Q

Signs o haemoglobin desaturation

A

Cyanosis

26
Q

Signs of end organ hypoxia

A

Altered mental state
Bradycardia
Hypotension

27
Q

Signs of resp concentration changes

A

Intercostal/ suprasternal recession
Tachypnoea
Nasal flaring
Use of accesory muscle

28
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure

A
  • Only hypoxaemia

- Pa02<8kPa

29
Q

Overall reason that type 1 respiratory failure happens

A

Damage of the lungs which prevents adequete oxygenation of blood

30
Q

9 causes of type 1 resp failure

A
  • Pneumothorax
  • Collapse
  • Obesity
  • Pneumonia
  • Pulmonary oedema
  • Atelectasis
  • Asthma
  • PE
  • COPD
31
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failure

A

Hypooxaemia and hypercapnia
Pa02<8kPa
PaCO2> 6.5kPa

32
Q

Main cause of type 2 resp failure

A

Hypoventilation

33
Q

First line treatment for respiratory failure

A

Oxygen

34
Q

When are nasal cannulae used

A

In patients with normal vital signs

35
Q

When are face masks with resevoir bag used

A

Higher 02 concentration is needed

36
Q

When are venturi masks used

A

Controlled treatment in long term in resp failure

37
Q

What is the critical threshold for pulse oximetry and what happens beneath this

A

94%

Below this a small fall in Pa02 leads to a sharp fall in Sp02

38
Q

What % of COPD patients retain CO2

A

10

39
Q

How should you treat a COPD patient if you are certain he retains CO2

A
  • Controlled mask
  • Titrate
  • Aim for sats 90-92%
  • Measure ABGs
40
Q

How should you treat COPD patient if youre unsure if he retains COPD

A

Starts high flow oxygen
Monitor
Check ABGs after 30 mins

41
Q

Is ventilation used for hypercapnea or hypoxia

A

Hypoxia

CR 2 (33 decks)

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