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CR 2 > Anatomy of the larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy of the larynx Flashcards

1
Q

State the structures in order that lie from nasal cavity to larynx

A 
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
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2
Q

What is contained in the upper airway

A

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx (larynx)

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3
Q

Is the larynx anterior or posterior to pharynx

A

Anterior

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4
Q

What are the anterior borders of the nasal cavities

A

Nostrils/ cartilaginous septum

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5
Q

What is the posterior border of the nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

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6
Q

What is the inferior border of the nasal cavity

A

Hard palate

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7
Q

What bones make up the lateral borders of the nasal cavities (7)

A

Nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, inferior concha bone, palatine, sphenoid

Narwhales Mainly Live (in) England, Ireland, Paris and Spain

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8
Q

What bones make up the superior border of the nasal cavity (4)

A

Nasal bone, frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, sphenoid

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9
Q

What are the superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae also known as

A

Nasal turbinates

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10
Q

What bones make up each of the nasal conchae

A

Superior and middle are ethmoid

Inferior is its own bone

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11
Q

What do you call the spaces below the conchae

A

Meatuses

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12
Q

Why does your nose run when you cry

A

Because the nasolacrimal duct drains into the inferior meatus

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13
Q

What covers the conchae/ meatuses

A

Ciliated respiratory epithelium

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14
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the nasal sinuses

A

1) Branches from the external carotid artery via maxillary and facial arteries
2) Branches from the internal carotid artery via the opthalmic artery

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15
Q

Describe venous supply to nasal sinuses

A

Branches to maxillary and facial veins drain to external jugular vein
Branches to opthalmic vein drain into the cavernous sinus

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16
Q

What is the proper word for nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

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17
Q

What % of nosebleeds are anterior and what structures are responsible for this

A

90%

Kisselback plexus

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18
Q

What is Kisselback plexus

A

Anterior anastomosis of 5 blood vessels

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19
Q

Describe the innervation to nasal sinuses (3)

A

1) CN1– special sensory (smell)
2) CN V1- opthalmic division of trigeminal- general sensory
3) CN V2- maxillary division of trigeminal. general sensory

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20
Q

What is the eustachian tube

A

Tube connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx

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21
Q

What lines the eustachian tube

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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22
Q

What opens the eustachian tube and when

A

Palantine muscles

Yawning/ swalloing

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23
Q

What are the functions/ uses of opening the eustachian tube

A
  • Equalisation of pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane
  • Drains mucus from middle ear
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24
Q

What are paranasal sinuses

A

Air filled spaces within the facial skeleton, continuus with the nasal cavity

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25
Q

What are the names of the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal
Ethnoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

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26
Q

What lines paranasal sinuses

A

Respiratory epithelium

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27
Q

Whats the semilunar hiatus

A

Opening of frontal, maxillary and anterior ethoidal sinuses

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28
Q

Whats the ethmoid bulla

A

Opening of middle ethmoid sinus

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29
Q

What are exudate

A

The white puss filled spots on tonsils in tonsilitis

30
Q

What 2 systems is the pharynx part of

A

Resp

Digestive

31
Q

What forms the shape of the pharynx

A

2 sets of 3 muscles;

  • 3 outer circular muscles
  • 3 inner longitudinal muscles
32
Q

What nerves supply the pharynx

A

IX and X

33
Q

What arteries/ veins supply/ drain pharynx?

A

Arterial from branches of ECA

Venous drainage to branches if IJV

34
Q

What are the names of the 3 outer circular muscles that form the pharynx

A

Inferior, middle and superior constrictor muscles

35
Q

What are the names of the 3 inner longitudinal muscles that form the pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salingophayngeus
Palatopharyngeus

36
Q

What is the nasopharynx

A

Part of the pharynx that is the base of the skull to the soft palate.
Behind the nasal cavity

37
Q

What is the oropharynx

A

Soft palate to epiglottis

Behind oral cavity

38
Q

What is the laringopharynx

A

Epiglottis to ifnerior border of cricoid (behind larynx)

39
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of each parts of the pharynx

A

Naso: CNV2
Oro: CN IX
Laringo: CN X

40
Q

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx

A

All of the muscles are supplied by CN X, except from the stylopharyngeus which is supplied by CN IX

41
Q

Between which spinal levels is the larynx found

A

C3-C6

42
Q

What makes up the larynx

A

9 cartilages, connecting ligaments, muscles and vocal cords

43
Q

What are the functions of the larynx

A

Phonation

Protection of lower airway

44
Q

What arteries supply the larynx

A

Superior laryngeal artery (comes off ECA) and inferior laryngeal artery (comes off thyrocervical trunk)

45
Q

Name the 3 unpaired cartilage that make up the larynx

A

Epiglottis
Thryoid
Cricoid

46
Q

Name the 3 paired cartilages that make up the larynx

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

47
Q

Which cartilage is mainly responsible for stopping aspiration into trachea

A

Epiglottis

It closes over laryngeal inlet during swallowing

48
Q

What ligaments can be seen posteriorly in the larynx

A

Lateral/ medial thyrohoid ligament
Median cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament

49
Q

2 ‘groups’ of extrinsic muscles to larynx

A

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid

50
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric

51
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

52
Q

What intrinsic muscles are involved in phonation

A

Thyroarytenoid
Posterior and lateral circo-arytenoid
Transverse and oblique arytenoid
Vocalis

53
Q

What intrinsic muscle is involved in determining pitch of voice

A

Cricothyroid

54
Q

What is adams apple

A

Laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage

55
Q

What is inferior to adams apple

A

Cricoid cartilage

56
Q

What is the site of a cricothyroidotomy

A

Inbetween the crycothyroid ligament

57
Q

What are the vestibular folds

A

Mucous membrane encasing vestibular ligaments

Protective function

58
Q

What is the rima vestibuli

A

Space between vestibular ligaments

59
Q

What are the vocal folds

A

Mucous membrane encasing vocal ligaments

60
Q

What is the rima glottidis

A

Space between vocal ligaments

61
Q

What is the glottis

A

Vocal apparatus of the larynx including vocal folds, ligaments, rima glottidis

62
Q

How does larynx appear in normal respiration

A

Rima glottidis is a narrow wedge shape

63
Q

How does larynx appear in forced respiration

A

Abduction of vocal ligaments to create wide, triangular rima glottidis

64
Q

How does larynx appear during phonation

A

Adducted arytenoid cartilages and adducted vocal ligaments

Air forced across vocal ligaments produces vibrations

65
Q

How does larynx appear during whispering

A

Abducted arytenoid cartilages

Adducted vocal ligaments

66
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve split into

A

Internal and external laryngeal nerve

67
Q

What is the action of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Motor to all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid
Sensory everywhere below vocal cords
PHONATION

68
Q

What is the action of the external laryngeal nerve

A

Motor to cricothyroid muscle

Pitch

69
Q

What is the action of the internal laryngeal nerve

A

Sensory innervtion to area above vocal cords

70
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms/ consequences of damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve

A
  • Paralysis of all muscles except cricothyroid
  • Vocal cord unable to abduct/ open
  • Hoarseness, stridor, resp distress
71
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms/ consequences of external laryngeal damage

A

Paralysis of cricothyroid

  • Weak voice with low pitch, reduced range
  • Voice tires easily
72
Q

What is endotracheal intubation

A

Insertion of plastic tube via mouth, past vocal cords into trachea

CR 2 (33 decks)

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