Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
When does rhinosinusitis commonly occur?
Post viral inflammation
Complications of which URTI include osteomyelitis, meningitis, cerebral abscess
Rhinosinusitis
Pharyngitis is usually viral and a feature of the common cold, but can be caused by what group of bacteria? And how may this present?
Streptococcal: scarlet’s fever (widespread rash), henoch schonlein purpura, glomerulonephritis or rheumatic fever
Complication of glandular fever? Avoid which antibiotic in treatment of EBV?
Splenic rupture. Avoid ampicillin-gives rash
Important question to ask patients with suspected diptheria
Travel history?
Antibiotics or steroids can sometimes cause what oral infection?
Candida
Cherry red airway obstruction. ‘hot potato’ speech, Young children. Do not swab.
Epiglottitis
What is the usual cause of epiglottitis?
Haemophilu influenzae type B prior to vaccine
Another term for croup
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
Does croup affect upper or lower airways? Viral or bacterial?
Upper airways. Viral
2 stages of whooping cough
Catarrhal phase- build up of phlegm
Whooping- paroxysms(short burts on exhalation, whoops on inhalation)
Complications of what upper airway infection may cause otitis media, pneumonia, convulsions, subconjunctival haemorrhages etc.
Whooping cough
Discharge of the ear
Otorrhoea
3 types of otitis externa
Acute, chronic, malignant
Usual causes of acute otitis externa
S.Aureus if pustular
Pseudomonas if after swimming
Treatment for acute otitis externa
Saline and/or alcohol and acetic acid. Topical drops (may contain antibiotics, antifungals and steroids)
Cause of chronic otitis externa
Irritation from drainage from perforated tympanic membrane.
What antibiotics should you avoid using in chronic otitis externa
Aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin- can cause deafness
Cause of malignant otitis external
Pseudomonal aeroginosa
Otitis media is common in which age group?
Children
3 usual suspects for URTI
H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M.catarrhalis
Inflammation fo mastoid air cells after middle ear infection
Mastoiditis
How do you diagnose mastoiditis?
Imaging (CT)
1st line treatment for mastoiditis
Co-amoxiclav
Infection of head and neck
vincent’s angina
Desribe the usual antibiotic treatment for URTIs
Amoxicillin/penicillin. Erythromycin used if allergic to penicillin or for whooping cough/diptheria
