Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pathology > Microbiology and Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis

A

Bacteristatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kill bacteria

A

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

A

Minimum concentration of antibiotic at which visible growth is inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give a syndergistic example of 2 types of antibiotics used to treat streptococcal endocarditis

A

Aminoglycoside and beta lactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which types of antibiotics target the bacterial cell wall?

A

Beta lactams and glycopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name of the major constituent of bacterial cell walls and name the 2 glucose derivatives that it is made up of

A

Peptidoglycan
N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)
N-acetyl glycosamine (NAG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the beta lactam ring

A

C-C-C-N in a ring structure. Structural analogue of D-alanyl D-alanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do beta lactams work?

A

Interfere with the function of the ‘penicillin binding proteins’ (transpeptidase enzymes) involved in the peptidoglycan cross linking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 4 types of beta lactams

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems,monobactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amoxicillin is an example of what type of antibiotic?

A

Penicillin- beta lactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cefuroxime is an example of what type of antibiotic?

A

cephalosporin-beta lactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

meropenem is an example of what type of antibiotic?

A

carbapenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

azteronam is an example of what type of antibiotic?

A

monobactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give an example of a glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do glycopeptides work?

A

Bind directly to terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine on NAM to prevent binding of transpeptidases and thus peptidoglycan cross linking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glycopeptides work on what sort of bacteria?

A

Gram +ve- unable to penetrate outer membrane on gram -ves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the different antibiotics that act as protein synthesis inhibitors

A 
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides, Lincosamides, streptogramins (MLS)
Tetracyclines
Oxazolidinones
(others e.g. mupirocin, fusidic acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name an example of an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do aminoglycosides work?

A

Bind to 30s ribosomal subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name an example of a macrolide

A

Erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do MLS antibiotics work?

A

Bind to 50S ribosomal subunit

22
Q

Name an example of a tetracycline

A

doxytetracycline

23
Q

How do tetracyclines work?

A

Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit, and interfere with binding of tRNA to rRNA

24
Q

Name an example of an oxazolidinone

25
Q

How do oxazolidinones work?

A

Bind to 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits assembly of initiation complex.

26
Q

Name the types of DNA Synthesis inhibitors

A

Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides

Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones

27
Q

How do trimethoprim and sulfonamides work?

A

Inhibit folate synthesis- folic acid is a purine synthesis precursor.

28
Q

What is the target enzyme in DNA synthesis that trimethoprim targets?

A

Dihdydrofolate reductase

29
Q

What is the target enzyme in DNA synthesis that sulfonamides target?

A

Dihydropteroate synthetase

30
Q

Give an example of a trimethoprim/sulfonamide antibiotic

A

Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazole)

31
Q

How do quinolones and fluoroquinolones act?

A

Inhibit enzymes involved in remodelling of DNA during DNA replication

32
Q

Give an example of a quinolone/fluoroquinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

33
Q

What categories of antibiotics act as RNA synthesis inhibitors?

A

Rifampicin

34
Q

How does rifampicin work?

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor- prevents synthesis of RNA

35
Q

What adverse effects are common with aminoglycosides?

A

reversible renal impairment and ototoxicity -toxic to ear

36
Q

What adverse effects commonly occur with beta lactams?

A

Allergic reactions and rashes

37
Q

What adverse effects commonly occur with linezolid

A

Bone marrow depression

38
Q

Safe to use which beta lactams in patients with non-severe penicillin allergy?

A

Cephalosporins and carbapenems

39
Q

Safe to use which beta lactam in patients with severe penicillin allergy?

A

Aztrenam (unicycle)

40
Q

What is the name of the hypervirulent strain of C.Diff?

41
Q

C.Diff may be precipitated by any antibiotic, but which 4 most commonly?

A

Co-amoxiclal cephalosporin, ciproflaxin, clindamycin

42
Q

Clindamycin belongs to what group of antibiotics?

A

Lincosamide

43
Q

3 strategies of antibiotic use- in order of specificity

A

Empiric, targeted, susceptibility guided

44
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat staph A

A

Flucloxacillin

45
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat steptococcus pyogenes

A

Benzylpenicillin

46
Q

What class of antibiotic is used to treat gram -ve bacilli

A

Cephalosporins

47
Q

What type of antibiotic is used to treat anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

48
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat gram +ves?

A

Vancomycin

49
Q

What antibiotic is used as a last option to treat multi-resistant gram negatives?

50
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat CSF infections?

A

beta lactams

51
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat urine infections?

A

Trimethoprim and beta lactams

Clinical Pathology (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions