Lymphoma and Myeloma Flashcards
4 chronic causes of lymphadenopathy that affect the lymphoid lineage
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Multiple myeloma
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
3 common causes of lymphadenopathy
Infection
Autoimmune disease - SLE, HIV
Malignancy
Clonal neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells. Arise in the lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue
Lymphomas
2 types of lymphomas
Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-hodgkin lymphoma
Reed sternberge cells are associated with which type of lymphoma?
Hodgkin
Males are more commonly affected than females in which type of lymphoma
Hodgkin (the man, non-hodgkin the woman)
EBV may be a risk factor for which type of lymphoma as it evades apoptosis- surrounded by a protective eosinophilic inflammatory cells?
Hodgkin
Common features of lymphoma
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatic/splenic enlargement
Systemic symptoms
Which type of lymphoma is associated with follicles?
Non-Hodkin lymphoma
Differential clinical features of non hodkin lymphoma
Extranodal more common
Paraproteinaemia
Malignant disorder of the plasma cells
Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is defined as what % excess plasma cells in the bone marrow?
10%
3 characteristics of multiple myeloma
Excess plasma cells in the bone marrow (10%)
Bone changes-pain/pathological features
Monoclonal paraprotein in serum and/or urine (Mainly IgG, also IgA)
How do you identify the monoclonal paraprotein in multiple myeloma?
Immunofixation
Describe the effect multiple myeloma has on RBCs, neutrophils and platelets
Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Clinical features of multiple myeloma
CRAB Hypercalcaemia- bone breakdown Renal insufficiency- deposition of paraprotein Anaemia Bone pain
Why is infection common in multiple myeloma?
Lack of normal immunoglobulins and neutropenia
Describe the pattern of advancement in 3 plasma cell disorders
MGUS>Myeloma>plasma cell leukaemia
What does MGUS stand for?
Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance
Lab findings of MGUS
Low serum levels of paraprotein, and no decrease in normal immunoglobulins.
a protein found in the blood only as a result of cancer or other disease.
Paraprotein
Aggressive disorder sometimes a development of myeloma, that is characterised by large numbers of plasma cells circulating in peripheral blood. Poor prognosis.
Plasma cell leukaemia
