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Clinical Pathology > Lymphoma and Myeloma > Flashcards

Lymphoma and Myeloma Flashcards

1
Q

4 chronic causes of lymphadenopathy that affect the lymphoid lineage

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Multiple myeloma

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2
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenopathy

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3
Q

3 common causes of lymphadenopathy

A

Infection
Autoimmune disease - SLE, HIV
Malignancy

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4
Q

Clonal neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells. Arise in the lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphomas

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5
Q

2 types of lymphomas

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

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6
Q

Reed sternberge cells are associated with which type of lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin

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7
Q

Males are more commonly affected than females in which type of lymphoma

A

Hodgkin (the man, non-hodgkin the woman)

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8
Q

EBV may be a risk factor for which type of lymphoma as it evades apoptosis- surrounded by a protective eosinophilic inflammatory cells?

A

Hodgkin

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9
Q

Common features of lymphoma

A

Lymphadenopathy
Hepatic/splenic enlargement
Systemic symptoms

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10
Q

Which type of lymphoma is associated with follicles?

A

Non-Hodkin lymphoma

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11
Q

Differential clinical features of non hodkin lymphoma

A

Extranodal more common

Paraproteinaemia

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12
Q

Malignant disorder of the plasma cells

A

Myeloma

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13
Q

Multiple myeloma is defined as what % excess plasma cells in the bone marrow?

A

10%

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14
Q

3 characteristics of multiple myeloma

A

Excess plasma cells in the bone marrow (10%)
Bone changes-pain/pathological features
Monoclonal paraprotein in serum and/or urine (Mainly IgG, also IgA)

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15
Q

How do you identify the monoclonal paraprotein in multiple myeloma?

A

Immunofixation

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16
Q

Describe the effect multiple myeloma has on RBCs, neutrophils and platelets

A

Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia

17
Q

Clinical features of multiple myeloma

A 
CRAB
Hypercalcaemia- bone breakdown
Renal insufficiency- deposition of paraprotein
Anaemia
Bone pain
18
Q

Why is infection common in multiple myeloma?

A

Lack of normal immunoglobulins and neutropenia

19
Q

Describe the pattern of advancement in 3 plasma cell disorders

A

MGUS>Myeloma>plasma cell leukaemia

20
Q

What does MGUS stand for?

A

Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance

21
Q

Lab findings of MGUS

A

Low serum levels of paraprotein, and no decrease in normal immunoglobulins.

22
Q

a protein found in the blood only as a result of cancer or other disease.

A

Paraprotein

23
Q

Aggressive disorder sometimes a development of myeloma, that is characterised by large numbers of plasma cells circulating in peripheral blood. Poor prognosis.

A

Plasma cell leukaemia

Clinical Pathology (53 decks)

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