Tests of Renal Function and Hydration Status

Question 1

What is the active form of vitamin D

Answer 1

1,25 dihyroxycalciferol

Question 2

What is the active form of vitamin D

Answer 2

1,25 dihyroxycalciferol

Question 3

Typical urine volume

Answer 3

750-2000ml/24hrs

Question 4

Oliguria

Question 5

Anuria

Question 6

Polyuria

Answer 6

> 3000

Question 7

Normal plasma urea conc

Answer 7

3-8mmol/L

Question 8

What is the problem with plasma urea tests

Answer 8

Not specific, causes include protein intake, tissue trauma, dehydration, kidney filtration, kideny reabsorptiona nd exretion

Question 9

What are the causes of increase in plasma urea

Answer 9

GI bleed, trauma, renal hypoperfusion= all decrease renal blood flow and extracellular fluid volume)
Acute renal impairment, chronic renal disease and post renal obstruction

Question 10

Normal plasma creatinine levels

Answer 10

50-140micromol/l

Question 11

How is plasma creatinine influenced by GFR?

Answer 11

As GFR decreases, plasma creatinine increases

Question 12

In which patients is GFR measured in

Answer 12

Kidney donors or to assess drug dosages

Question 13

What is the equation used to measure creatinine clearance?

Answer 13

Creatinine clearance= (conc. creat in urine x vol of urine)/conc of creat in plasma (micromoles)

Question 14

What is the equation used to measure creatinine clearance?

Answer 14

Creatinine clearance= (conc. creat in urine x vol of urine)/conc of creat in plasma (micromoles)

Question 15

Typical urine volume

Answer 15

750-2000ml/24hrs

Question 16

Oliguria

Question 17

Anuria

Question 18

Polyuria

Answer 18

> 3000

Question 19

Normal plasma urea conc

Answer 19

3-8mmol/L

Question 20

What is the problem with plasma urea tests

Answer 20

Not specific, causes include protein intake, tissue trauma, dehydration, kidney filtration, kideny reabsorptiona nd exretion

Question 21

Describe the effect renal oliguria has on the sodium conc in the urine

Answer 21

High sodium conc int eh urine

Question 22

Normal plasma creatinine levels

Answer 22

50-140micromol/l

Question 23

How is plasma creatinine influenced by GFR?

Answer 23

As GFR decreases, plasma creatinine increases

Question 24

In which patients is GFR measured in

Answer 24

Kidney donors or to assess drug dosages

Question 25

What renal function test tests the ability of the kidneys to clear technecium 99?

Answer 25

GFR

Question 26

What is the equation used to measure creatinine clearance?

Answer 26

Creatinine clearance= (conc. creat in urine x vol of urine)/conc of creat in plasma (micromoles)

Question 27

Normal creatinine clearance

Answer 27

100-130ml/min

Question 28

What effect does a low GFR have on creatinine clearance

Answer 28

Decreases

Question 29

What 4 things does eGRF take into account

Answer 29

creatining, age, sex and ethnicity

Question 30

Treatment for stage 5 chronic kidney disease

Answer 30

Dialysis/transplantation

Question 31

Describe the plasma/urine urea ratio and sodium conc in the urine for pre renal oliguria

Answer 31

High P/U urea ratio

Low sodium conc in urine

Question 32

In what type of oliguria is the GFR low, ADH high and urine sodium conc. low?

Answer 32

Pre-renal

Question 33

Causes of pre-renal oliguria

Answer 33

Decreased renal perfusion
Dehydration
Haemorrhage-hypotension
Renal artery damage

Question 34

Describe the effect renal oliguria has on the sodium conc in the urine

Answer 34

High sodium conc int eh urine

Question 35

What is the problem in renal oliguria?

Answer 35

Nephrons are unable to resorb sodium

Question 36

Causes of renal oliguria

Answer 36

Intrinsic damage (tubular necrosis)
Chronic infection
Immulogical damage-SLE
Toxic damage-drugs, heavy metals, poisons