Upper Motor Neuron Disease

Question 1

Examples

Answer 1

Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury

Multiple Sclerosis

Cerebral Palsy

Spinal Cord Injury

Myelomeningocele

Question 2

Positive symptoms

Answer 2

Hyperactive reflexes

Abnormal primitive and cutaneous reflexes

Spasticity

Loss of precise autonomic control

Question 3

Negative symptoms

Answer 3

Decreased dexterity

Paresis/weakness, late atrophy

Fatigability

Question 4

Spasticity

Answer 4

Motor disorder characterized by velocity dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (muscle tone)

Exaggerated tendon jerks

Resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex as one component of the upper motor neuron syndrome

Question 5

Spasticity Detrimental effects

Answer 5

Pain

Decreased sleep

Contractures

Limits Function or mobility

Increased risk of pressure sores

Interferes with hygiene

Question 6

Spasticity Beneficial effects

Answer 6

Maintains muscle bulk

Decreased osteopenia

Assist with gait or transfers