Stroke Flashcards
Definition
Acute neurologic dysfunction of vascular origin
Sudden or rapid occurence of symptoms and signs corresponding to involvement of focal areas of the brain
General Stats
3rd leading cause of death in US
Leading cause of death over age 75
19% higher incidence in men than women
Incidence increases with age, 95% of strokes occur > age 45
Types
Hemorrhagic (15%) - bleed
Ischemic (85%) - clot
Motor Control and Strength Impairments
Hemiplegia
Initially flaccid
As voluntary movement returns, increase tone and synergy patterns
Synergy patterns
Upper limb - Flexor Synergy
Lower limb - Extensor Synergy
Coordination and Balance Impairments
Trunk Control
Coordination and movement patterns
Balance
Spasticity
Decreased joint flexibility, joint pain, contracture
Difficulty positioning for comfort and hygiene
Sensation Impaired
Pain
Temperature
Joint positional sense
Stereognosis- recognize object with touch
Language and communication
Aphasia- disturbance in comprehension and formulation of language
Naming, reading and writing
Prosody- rhythm, stress, intonation of speech
Apraxia
Disorders of skilled movement
In the absence of motor, sensory, or cognitive impairment
Neglect Syndrome
Failure to report, respond, or orient to novel or meaningful stimuli presented to side opposite of brain lesion
Other Symptoms
Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing
Bowel and bladder dysfunction
Deconditioning - complex process of physiological change following period of inactivity
Shoulder pain, Contracture
Glenohumeral subluxation
Impingement syndromes, rotator cuff tears
Frozen shoulder- stiffness and pain
Complex regional pain syndrome - severe pain, swelling, changes in skin
Stroke Treatment
Treatment of acute stroke
Secondary prevention
Natural recovery
Compensatory techniques
PT, OT, SLP, Orthotist
