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Orthotic Study > Position and ROM of Lower limb joints > Flashcards

Position and ROM of Lower limb joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the position of the ankle axis relate to the knee in the transverse plane

A

20-30 degrees externally rotated from the knee axis

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2
Q

Mechanical axis of the ankle

A

midline between apex of the medial malleoli and lateral malleoli

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3
Q

Normal dorsiflexion ROM of the ankle

A

20-30 degrees

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4
Q

Normal plantarflexion ROM of the ankle

A

20-50 degrees

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5
Q

Ankle ROM required for normal gait

A

10 degrees dorsiflexion

20 degrees of plantarflexion

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6
Q

Subtalar Joint postion

A

Anteriosuperomedially

41-45 degrees with respect to the horizontal

16 degrees with respect to the sagittal plane

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7
Q

Subtalar joint ROM

A

20 degrees calcaneal inversion with full supination

5 degrees calcaneal eversion

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8
Q

Subtalar ROM required for Normal Gait

A

4-6 degrees of calcaneal inversion and eversion

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9
Q

Hip Joint axis approximation

A

Joint is Multiaxial, therefore only one point of rotation is relevant

Externally approximated at eh level of the greater trochanter

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10
Q

Hip Joint Passive ROM for Flexion

A

120 with knee flexed

90 with knee extended

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11
Q

Hip Joint Passive ROM for exension

A

30 degrees

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12
Q

Hip Joint Passive ROM Abduction

A

45-50 degrees

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13
Q

HIp Joint Passive ROM Adduction

A

20-30 degrees

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14
Q

Hip Joint Passive External Rotation

A

45 degrees, 90 degrees with HIp Flexed

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15
Q

Hip Joint Passive Internal Rotation

A

35 degrees, 70 degrees with Hip Flexed

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16
Q

Hip Joint Normal Flexion ROM required for Gait

A

37 degrees

17
Q

Hip Joint Normal Extension ROM required for Gait

A

45 degrees

18
Q

Hip Joint Normal Abduction ROM required for Gait

A

7 degrees

19
Q

Hip Joint Normal Adduction ROM required for Gait

A

5 degrees

20
Q

Hip joint Normal External rotation required for Gait

A

9 degrees

21
Q

Hip joint Normal Internal rotation required for Gait

A

4 degrees

22
Q

Knee Joint

A

Changes throughout ROM (polycentric)

Radius of curvature of condyles decreases with flexion

23
Q

Knee Axis approximation

A

Heigh of the adductor tubercle

Bisecting femoral condyles in the sagittal plane

Parallel to epicondyles in the frontal plane

24
Q

Knee Flexion ROM

A

Passive

160

Active

140 with hip flexed
120 with hip extended

25
Q

Knee Extension ROM

A

0 degrees

26
Q

Knee Axial Rotation

A

0 degrees full extension

30 degrees internal rotation with 90 degrees of knee flexion

45 degrees of external rotation with 90 degrees knee flexion

less with greater knee flexion due to soft tissue restrictions

27
Q

Mid Tarsal Joints

A

Comprised of Calcaneocuboid and Talonavicular joints

Calcaneocuboid - oblique axis
Responsible for aBd/aDd and Plantar/Dorsi

Talonavicular - longitudinal axis
Primarily Inversion/Eversion

In pronation, axes become more parallel, foot is more flexible and adaptive

In supination, oblique and longitudinal axes become less congruent, binding produces more rigid foot segment

ROM is 4-6 degrees inversion, compensates for 4-6 degrees calcaneal eversion required for normal gait

28
Q

Calcaneocuboid joint axis

A

Oblique axis

Runs anteriosuperiomedially

Largely in frontal and horizontal planes

Dorsiflexion/aBduction
Plantarflexion/aDduction

29
Q

First Ray

A

First cuneiform and first metatarsal

30
Q

Second Ray

A

Middle cuneiform and second metatarsal

31
Q

Third Ray

A

Lateral cuneiform and third metarsal

32
Q

Fourth Ray

A

Fourth Metatarsal

33
Q

Fifth Ray

A

Fifth Metatarsal

34
Q

Talonavicular joint

A

Also runs anterosuperiomedially

But largely confined to sagittal and horizontal planes

Therefore abel to mostly inverts/everts

35
Q

Tarsometatarsal joints

A

Rays of the foot

Multiaxial plane joints

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion are main movements possible

However, 1st rays everts with dorsiflexion, inverst with plantarflexion

Keeps first met head in contact with ground during supination/push off

36
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joints

A

Synovial Condyloid joint

Active Plantar/Dorsiflexion and Abd/Adduction

1st MTP is largest, only 2 phalanxes, and sesamoid bones

Adequate dorsiflexion is essential for late push off

65-75 degrees required for normal gait

37
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

A

Synovial hinge joint

Results in plantar/dorsiflexion

Proximal IP joint does not allow dorsiflexion

Distal IP joint permits both

Orthotic Study (45 decks)

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