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Orthotic Study > Random Important Facts > Flashcards

Random Important Facts Flashcards

1
Q

The only bone of the foot that articulates with leg bones

A

Talus

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2
Q

Rear foot

A

Talus and Calcaneus

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3
Q

Midfoot

A

Navicular

Cuboid

Medial, Middle, and Lateral Cuneiforms

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4
Q

Forefoot

A

Metatarsals and Phalanges

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5
Q

Retinacula

A

Fascia thickenings

Act as pulleys by keeping tendons close to the joint

Mechanically they decrease the leverage on the tendons

But increase range of motion

Prevent bowstring

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6
Q

Weightbearing foot bones

A

50% through calcaneus

50% through metatarsals

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7
Q

Medial Longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Medial, Middle, Lateral Cuneiforms

Metatarsals 1-3

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8
Q

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

A

Calcaneus

Cuboid

Metatarsals 4, 5

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9
Q

Transverse Tarsal Arch

A

Base of the metatarsals

Cuboid

Cuneiforms

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10
Q

Windlass Mechanism

A

Plantar aponeurosis originates from calcaneus and attaches to base of the proximal phalanxes

Traverses longitudinal arches and the metarsalphalangeal (MTP) joints

Toe extension during push off acts to tighten the plantar aponeurosis

Helps to stabilize the longitudinal arches of the foot during push off

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11
Q

Open Chain Pronation

A

Non-weightbearing

Calcaneal Eversion

Calcaneal Dorsiflexion

Forefoot ABduction

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12
Q

Open Chain Supination

A

Non-weightbearing

Calcaneal Inversion

Calcaneal Plantarflexion

Forefoot ADduction

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13
Q

Closed Chain Pronation

A

Weight Bearing

Calcaneal Eversion
Forefoot ABduction
Talar ADduction and Plantarflexion

Knee Flexion and valgus

Hip Internal Rotation and Flexion

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14
Q

Closed Chain Supination

A

Weight Bearing

Calcaneal Inversion
Forefoot ADduction
Talar ABduction and Dorsiflexion

Knee Extension and Varus

Hip External Rotation and Extension

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15
Q

Femoral Triagle

A

Boundaries

Medially by the Adductor Longus
Laterally by the Sartorius
Proximally by the Inguinal Ligament

Contains

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein

Floor
Illiopsoas
Pectineus

Palpated with slightly flexed, abducted, externally rotated hip

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16
Q

Hip joint angle of inclination

A

Frontal Plane

Femoral neck to shaft angle

Normally 125-135 degrees

135, Coxa Valga, results in increased hip abduction

17
Q

Hip joint femoral head anterversion

A

Transverse Plane

Femoral Neck relative to Anatomical Knee Axis

If head is anterior to axis, femur is anteverted

If head is posterior to knee axis, femur is retroverted

Normal is 12 degrees femoral anteversion

18
Q

Bursae of the knee

A

Collapsed bags or sheaths lined with synovial membrane/fluid

Form deep to tendons or muscles that rub over another structure with movement

Reduce rubbing friction between muscle/tendon and structure it passes over

11 bursae in the knee

19
Q

Tibiofemoral Alignment

A

Angle formed by long axis of femur and the tibia in the frontal plane

Shaft of femur runs inferiomedially in normal adult

Tibiofemoral alignment is normally 170-175

20
Q

Q angle

A

Angle created by joining 2 lines

ASIS to mid patella

Mid patella to tibial tuberosity

15 degrees or less considered normal in adult

Greater Q angle corresponds to increased genu valgum

Typically larger in females

21
Q

Acetabulum facts

A

Faces anterolateroinferiorly

Acetabular Labrum (fibrocartilagenous lips) increases stability of the joint, but sacrifices mobility

Acetabular notch is bridged by Transverse ligament

22
Q

Wolfes Law

A

1

23
Q

Trendelumberg gait (compensated/uncompensated)

A

1

24
Q

Trendelumberg sign

A

1

25
Q

Flexor Hood Mechanism

A

1

26
Q

Anatomical Snuff Box

A

Medial Boundary: Extensor Pollicis Longus

Lateral Boundary:
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Ext Pollicis Brevis

Floor: Scaphoid bone

Content: Radial Artery

27
Q

Extensor Expansion

A

Extensor expansion inserts onto metacarpal heads, base of the proximal phalanx and palmar ligament plates

Continues along phalanxes dividing into bands which insert onto base of the middle and distal phalanxes

Tendons flatten out as they pass over the distal ends of the metacarpals

28
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

Made up of flexor retinaculum and carpals

Houses various flexor tendons and median nerve

29
Q

Flexor retinaculum of wrist

A

Connects pisiform and hook of hamate to scaphoid and trapezium

Tie beam which maintains concavity of wrist in transverse plane

Prevents bow stringing of extrinsic hand flexors

Surface for muscular attachments

30
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Triangular space and the anterior aspect of the elbow

Borders are

Medially: Pronator teres

Laterally: Brachioradialis

Superiorly: Epicondylar line

Contents from lateral to medial:

Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Terminal branches (Radial and ulnar)
Median and radial nerves

Orthotic Study (45 decks)

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