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Year 2 > Upper limb arthritis > Flashcards

Upper limb arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general symptoms of upper limb arthritis?

A 
Pain
Stiffness
Loss of function
Swelling 
Deformity
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2
Q

What are the causes of upper limb arthritis?

A

Degenerative/osteoarthritis
Inflammatory (rheumatoid, gout, psoriasis)
Post-traumatic
Septic

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3
Q

What are the treatment options for upper limb arthritis’?

A 
Rest 
Analgesia
Splint
Steroid injections
Replace
Fuse
Excise
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4
Q

How does sternoclavicular arthritis present?

A

Pain and swelling

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5
Q

How common is sternoclavicular arthritis?

A

Rare

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6
Q

How can sternoclavicular joint arthritis be treated?

A

Physiotherapy
Steroid injection
Excision (rarely)

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7
Q

How common is acromioclavicular joint arthritis?

A

Common

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8
Q

How does acromioclavicular joint arthritis present?

A

Often in conjunction with rotator cuff impingement

Post-trauma

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9
Q

How can acromioclavicular joint arthritis be treated?

A

Steroid injections

Excision

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10
Q

How common is glenohumeral joint arthritis compared to knee/hip arthritis?

A

Uncommon

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11
Q

What are the possible causes of glenohumeral joint arthritis?

A

Instability
Cuff tear
Previous surgery
Idiopathic

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12
Q

How does glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis present?

A

Pain
Crepitus
Loss of movement (external rotation)

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13
Q

How can glenohumeral joint arthritis be managed?

A

Hemiarthroplasty

Total shoulder replacement

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14
Q

What are the possible complications of shoulder replacement?

A 
Infection
Instability 
Stiffness
Nerve damage
Loosening
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15
Q

How does rotator cuff arthroplathy occur?

A

Rotator cuff tear means that deltoids are unopposed and so pull head upwards these abnormal forces cause osteoarthritis

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16
Q

How can rotator cuff arthroplathy not be treated?

A

Traditional shoulder replacement

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17
Q

How does a rotator cuff arthropathy appear on x-ray?

A

LOSS

Humeral head moves superiorly (loss of normal space)

18
Q

How should rotator cuff arthropathy be treated?

A

Reverse geometry shoulder replacement

19
Q

What are the last resort treatments for arthritis of the shoulder?

A

Fusion

Excision

20
Q

What are the causes of arthritis at the elbow?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Osteoarthritis

21
Q

Where can arthritis of the elbow occur?

A

Radiocapitellar joint

Ulnohumeral

22
Q

How does rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow present?

A

Instability

23
Q

How does rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow look on x-ray?

A

Erosions

24
Q

How does osteoarthritis of the elbow present?

A

Pain

Reduced movement

25
Q

How does osteoarthritis of the elbow look on x-ray?

A

May be radiocapitellar only
Osteophytes
LOSS

26
Q

How is radiocapitaller osteoarthritis managed? How can it be managed in this way?

A

Excision
Replacement

It is only a secondary stabiliser

27
Q

Why might there be reduced movement at the elbow joint?

A

Osteophyte impingement

28
Q

When is elbow replacement indicated?

A

Older patients
Low demand patients
Limited to 5kg/1kg repeatedly

29
Q

What are the features of wrist osteoarthritis?

A

Monoarticular/localised
Base of thumb
Associated PIP and DIP joints

30
Q

What are the features of wrist osteoarthritis on an x-ray?

A

LOSS

31
Q

What are the features of wrist rheumatoid arthritis?

A 
Polyarticular
Systemic
Synovitis
Tendon rupture
Associated MCP joints
32
Q

What are the features of wrist rheumatoid arthritis on an x-ray?

A

Erosions

Late joint space narrowing

33
Q

How is rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist treated?

A

Medical (DMARDs)
Steroid injections
Splintage
Surgery

34
Q

What types of surgery for rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist are available?

A

Synovectomy
Tendon realignment
Replacement
Fusion

35
Q

What is scapholunate advanced collapse?

A

Wrist malalignment due to a complication of post-traumatic or spontaneous osteoarthritis

36
Q

What is scapholunate non-union advanced collapse?

A

A complication which occurs with scaphoid fractures

37
Q

How can scapholunate advanced collapse be treated?

A

4-corner fusion
Proximal row carpectomy
Total wrist arthrodesis

38
Q

How does small joint osteoarthritis present?

A

Pain
Deformity
Heberden’s nodes
Bouchard’s nodes

39
Q

How is small joint osteoarthritis treated?

A 
NSAIDs
Activity modification
Capsacian gel (relieves pain and itch)
Injections
Fusion
40
Q

How does CMC thumb osteoarthritis present?

A

Pain increased in pinch grip

Subluxation

41
Q

Is CMC thumb osteoarthritis common?

A

Yes

42
Q

How is CMC thumb osteoarthritis managed?

A 
Rest
Analgesia
Splints
Capsaicin gel
Steroid injection 
Surgery

Year 2 (72 decks)

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