Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 > Oogenesis and spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Oogenesis and spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

How long does oogenesis take to complete?

A

Years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does oogenesis begin?

A

In utero then suspended until puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does oogenesis stop?

A

Menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is oogenesis completed?

A

Fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a primordial germ cell?

A

The earliest mitotic precursor of gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do primordial germ cells migrate?

A

Genital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are oogonia?

A

The mitotic precursor of oocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are oocytes?

A

Female germ cells capable of meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are primary and secondary oocytes?

A

Primary - first meiotic division

Secondary - seconda meiotic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a polar body?

A

Small cellular structures containing minimal cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the presence of two polar bodies indicate?

A

Fertilization (completion of second meiotic division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to germ cell numbers during birth and development?

A

They massively decline due to the limited number of mitotic divisions they are capable of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long does the ovulation cycle last?

A

Roughly 28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two phases of the ovulation cycle?

A

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the follicular phase?

A

Maturation of the egg

Ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What signals the end of the follicular phase?

A

Ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the luteal phase?

A

Development of corpus luteum & preparation of the reductive tract for pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a primary follicle?

A

A single layer of granulosa cells which surrounds an oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many ovum does each primary follicle produce?

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When do primary follicles degenerate to scar tissue?

A

Before the onset of puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a secondary follicle?

A

The expanded, differentiated follicle with grows around an ovum under hormonal influence

22
Q

Which hormone is secreted in the follicular phase?

A

Oestrogen

23
Q

What is lutenisation?

A

Transformation of follicular cells into corpus luteum

24
Q

What is secreted in the luteal phase and by what?

A

Progesterone by the corpus luteum

25
Q

What signals the end of the luteal phase?

A

Degeneration of the corpus luteum (i.e menstruation)

26
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if fetilisation occurs?

A

It persists and produces increasing quantities of oestrogen and progesterone

27
Q

What is the extra-ovarian hormonal axis?

A

Hypothalamus secretes GnRH

Anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH in response

28
Q

What do FSH and LH act on in females respectively?

A

Ovaries

29
Q

What effect does FSH have on a female?

A

Stimulates follicular development

30
Q

What effect does LH have on a female?

A

Stimulates follicular maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum development

31
Q

What combined effect do FSH and LH have on a female?

A

Secretion of oestradiol and ovulation

32
Q

How does the extra-ovarian hormonal axis work during the follicular phase?

A

Hypothalamus secretes GnRH
Anterior pituitary secretes much FSH and little LH
FSH causes the granulosa and theca cells of a dozen follicles to develop

33
Q

What do theca cells do?

A

Produce androgen

34
Q

What do the granulosa cells do?

A

Convert androgen to oestradiol by secreted aromatase

35
Q

What effect does oestradiol have?

A

Thickens endometrium and thins cervical mucus

Supresses FSH production by the anterior pituitary

36
Q

What does the granulosa of the dominant follicle express?

A

LH receptors

37
Q

What do high oestrogen levels mid cycle cause?

A

Hypothalamic release of GnRH in turn causing a surge of FSH and LH to be released from the anterior pituitary

38
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A

Increased follicular fluid and granulosa
Cumulus oophorus loosens
Follicular wall weakens
Cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) picked up by oviduct

39
Q

What stimulates ovulation?

A

Surge of FSH and LH

40
Q

What happens to hormone levels after ovulation?

A

FSH and LH fall

41
Q

How do we test for ovulation?

A

LH levels in urine (high –> low)
Increased temperature
High progesterone levels

42
Q

What happens if there is no hCG production from an embyro 12 days after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum degenerates to corpus albicans

43
Q

What is hCG and what is it secreted by?

A

Human corionic gonadotrophin. Implanted embryos

44
Q

What happens to progesterone and oestrogen levels if there is no fertilisation in the luteal phase?

A

They fall

45
Q

What function does hCG have?

A

Maintains corpus luteum

46
Q

What does progesterone do to ovulation?

A

Suppresses it

47
Q

What happens around 6 weeks after fertilisation to the corpus luteum?

A

It degenerates to corpus albicans as the placenta takes over its role

48
Q

When is surgical sperm aspiration indicated?

A

Azoospermia

49
Q

Which hormones stimulate spermatogenesis?

A

FSH

Testosterone

50
Q

Which hormones decrease the secretion of FSH in men?

A

Inhibin

51
Q

What hormones decrease the secretion of GnRH and LH?

A

Testosterone

52
Q

What does LH stimulate in males?

A

Testosterone secretion

Year 2 (72 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions