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Year 2 > Common hand conditions > Flashcards

Common hand conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mucous cyst?

A

Outpouching of synovial fluid at distal interphalangeal joint

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2
Q

What causes mucous cysts?

A

Osteoarthritis

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3
Q

How do mucous cysts present?

A 
Regular appearance 
Pain/painless
Fluctuating 
Discharging
Deformed nail bed
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4
Q

How are mucous cysts managed?

A

Nothing

Excision

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5
Q

Why might mucous cysts warrant an x-ray?

A

To determine extent of osteoarthritis

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6
Q

What are ganglions?

A

Outpouchings of the synovial cavity

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7
Q

Ganglions are most commonly found around the wrist for what reason?

A

The greater the number of synovial joints the greater the likelihood of synovial cavity outpouching

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8
Q

What are ganglions filled with?

A

Synovial fluid

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9
Q

How do ganglions present?

A

Fluctuating

Painless +/- tightness

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10
Q

How are ganglions managed?

A

Self resolving

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11
Q

Why is surgical management avoided in the treatment of ganglions?

A

They come back

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12
Q

Are ganglions related to osteoarthritis?

A

Occasionally - most often not

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13
Q

What is allan’s test used for?

A

To determine if the blood supply of the hand is intact

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14
Q

What is trigger finger?

A

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons running within the flexor tendon sheath causing catching on the pulleys

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15
Q

How does trigger finger present?

A

Pain over A1 pulley (metacarpal head)
Sticking of finger in flexion
+/- forced extension

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16
Q

What should be avoided in the management of trigger finger?

A

Immobilisation

17
Q

What should be found on the hand examination of someone with trigger finger?

A

Tenderness over A1 pulley
Fixed flexion
Palpable tendon nodule

18
Q

How is trigger finger managed?

A

Conservatively (spontaneous resolution, splinting)
Steroid & local anaesthetic injection (curative)
Surgery

19
Q

Which compartment does DeQuervians tenosynovitis affect?

A

First extensor compartment

20
Q

How does DeQuervians tenosynovitis present?

A

Spontaneous
Painful radial wrist
Swelling
Erythema

21
Q

What test will be positive in DeQuervians tenosynovitis?

A

Finkelstein’s (ulnar deviation of the hand)

22
Q

How is DeQuervians tenosynovitis managed?

A 
NSAIDs
Splint 
Rest
Steroid injection
Surgical decompression
23
Q

Where is the pathology in Dupuytrens contracture?

A

Palmar fascia

24
Q

How common is Dupuytrens contracture?

A

Very

25
Q

What is Dupuytrens contracture?

A

Thickening of palmar fascia causing fixed flexion deformity of the fingers

26
Q

How does Dupuytrens contracture present?

A

Painless
Gradual
Begins as palmar pit or nodule

27
Q

What conditions are associated with Dupuytrens contracture?

A 
Alcoholism
Liver cirrhosis
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
Epilepsy medications
28
Q

What is Dupuytren’s diathesis?

A

Tendency towards more aggressive disease i.e
Lederhosen’s (feet)
Peyronie’s (penis

29
Q

What should be found on examination of someone with Dupuytren’s disease?

A

Palpable cords
MCP and/or DIP joint involvement
Positive table top test

30
Q

How is Dupuytren’s disease managed?

A

Conservative (stretching, activity modification)
Surgical (fasciotomy, amputation)
Collagenase injection?

31
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture reoccurs after treatment. T/F

A

True - within several years

32
Q

What is paronychia?

A

Infection within the nail fold

33
Q

What is a risk factor for paronychia?

A

Nail biting

34
Q

Which age range most commonly gets paronychia?

A

Children

35
Q

How is paronychia managed?

A

Elevation
Antibiotics
Excision and drainage of pus

36
Q

How common is flexor tendon sheath infection?

A

Rare but surgical emergency

37
Q

How does flexor tendon sheath infection present?

A

Tracking up palm and arm
Extremely painful
Loss of movement (even passive) due to pain
Tracking lymphangitis

38
Q

How is flexor tendon sheath infection managed?

A

Tendon sheath wash out

Year 2 (72 decks)

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