Upper Limb: Arm and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Of the anterior arm; name the muscles and their attachments

A

Biceps Brachii - Radial tuberosity to supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process (short head)
Coracobrachialis - Coracoid process (mainly acts as synergist)
Brachialis - Anterior humerus to the coronoid process

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2
Q

Describe what movements the muscles of the anterior arm are involved in and the nerve that supplies them.

A

ALL supplied by musculocutaneous Nerve.
Brachialis - Prime mover in flexion supplied by C5,6
Biceps Brachii - Supination and then flexion (cant flex in pronation) - C5,5,7
Coracobrachialis - Flexion adduction at GH but mainly stabalises - C5,6,7

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3
Q

Describe the Biceps reflex (what is tests and what happens)

A

It is a deep tendon reflex that tests C5 and C6 segments. Hitting the tendon causes an involuntary stretch. Afferents from muscle spindles (strech receptors) synapse on efferent motor neurons causing a flexion jerk

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4
Q

Name the two muscles of the posterior arm, the nerve that innervates them and their movement

A

Both supplied by the radial nerve
Triceps Brachii - Extension (C6,7,8)
Anconeus - Elbow stability (C7,8,T1)

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5
Q

Describe what spinal segments the triceps reflex tests and what occurs during it.

A

It is a deep tendon reflex and tests spinal segments C6 and C7. Afferents from motor spindles (stretch receptors) synapse on efferent motor neurons causing a extension jerk

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6
Q

What structures run from the arm into the forearm

A

Ulnar Nerve
Median Nerve + brachial artery
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Radial Nerve + profunda brachii artery

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7
Q

Describe the boarders of the cubital fossa

A

Pronator teres (medial)
Breachioradialis (lateral)
Line between lateral and medial epicondyles (superior)

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8
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis

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9
Q

Describe the contents of the cubital fossa from medial to lateral

A

Median Nerve, Breachial Artery, Biceps tendon and then radial nerve

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10
Q

What is on the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Supinator and brachialis muscles

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11
Q

What lies superficially in the cubital fossa?

A

The median cubital vein

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12
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior superfical layer of the forearm, and what nerve supplies them

A

Pronator teres - median nerve (C6,7)
Flexor carpi radialis - Median nerve (C6,7)
Palmaris longus - Median Nerve (C6,7) (absent in about 15% of pop)
Flexor carpi ulnaris _ Ulnar Nerve (C7,8)

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13
Q

Name the anterior intermediate layer of muscle in the forearm and what the muscle is supplied by

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (flexes the digets) - median Nerve (C7,8,T1)

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14
Q

Name the muscles and their nerve supply of the anterior deep layer of muscles in the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus - Medial half is supplied by the ulnar nerve (C8,T1) and the lateral half is supplied by the median nerve (C8,T1)
Flexor policis longus - Anterior Interosseous N (C8,T1)
Pronator Quadratus - Anterior interosseous N (C8,T1)

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15
Q

look at the diagram for insertions and origins of the muscles

A

week 2

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16
Q

Name the bones that make up the carpal arch and what is the carpal arch closed over by?

A

Pisiform, Triquetrum, Hamate, capitate, trapezoid and trapezium. The arch is closed over by the flexor retinaculum

17
Q

Describe the contents of the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policis longus and the median nerve

18
Q

Name the elbow flexor muscle that is catagorised as part as the posterior superficial muscle group, what its movements are and its nerve supply

A

Brachioradialis. It flexes the elbow, 1/2 supinates and 1/2 pronates so it gives the appearance of drinking. It is supplied by the radial nerve (C5,6,7)

19
Q

What is the ‘Supinator’ reflex (brachioradialis)

A

It is a deep tendon reflex that tests C5 and C6 spinal segments. Afferents from muscle spindles (stretch receptors) synapse directly on efferent motor neurons and elicit a flexion jerk

20
Q

Name the posterior superficial muscles of the forearm

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus (Radial nerve (C6,7))
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis (short) (deep radial nerve - C7.8)
  • Extensor digitorum (deep radial nerve -C7,8)
  • Extensor digit minimi (deep radial nerve - C7,8)
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (deep radial nerve - C7,8)
21
Q

Name the outcropping muscles on the posterior forearm and the nerve that innervates them

A

Abductor policis longus - Posterior Interosseous nerve (C7,8)
Extensor policis brevis - posterior interosseous nerve (C7,8)
Extensor policis longus - Posterior interosseous nerve (C7,8)

22
Q

Describe the contents and floor of the anatomical snuffbox.

A

Contents - radial artery

Floor- Scaphoid and trapezium

23
Q

What should you suspect if there is pain in the anatomical snuffbox

A

A scaphoid fracture

24
Q

Name the posterior deep muscles of the forearm and what they are innervated by

A

Supinator - Depp radial nerve (C7,8)

Extensor indicis - Posterior interosseous nerve (C7,8)

25
Q

What is the Anterior Interosseous Nevre a branch of?

A

The median nerve

26
Q

What is the Posterior Interosseous Nerve a branch of?

A

The radial nerve