Gluteal Region and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boarders the gluteal region

A

Superiorly by iliac crest and inferiorly by the fold of the buttock.

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2
Q

What are the three gluteal muscles

A
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3
Q

Describe the features of the gluteus maximus

A
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4
Q

Describe some of the features of gluteus medius and gluteus minimis

A
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5
Q

What other muscle also aids in hip abduction

A

Tensor fascia latae

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6
Q

What is the role of the abductors

A

They keep the pelvis level when walking. Contraction of the muscles prevent drop.

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7
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip and name them

A
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8
Q

What are the origins and insertions for the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus - posterior gluteal surface of ilium and inserts on iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity.

Gluteus Medius - gluteal surface of ilium, inserts on later surface of greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus - Ilium and inserts on anterior side of greater trochanter

Tensor fascia latae - ASIS to lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract

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9
Q

All gluteal muscles are supplied by what?

A

Superior gluteal nerve, except gluteus maximus which is supplied by inferior gluteal nerve

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10
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve originate from and therefore where should intramuscular injection be preformed

A
  • SN emerges into gluteal region inferior to piriformis. So the safe ares for intramuscular injections is the upper outer quadrant.
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11
Q

What are the flexors of the thigh

A
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12
Q

How do illiacus and Psoas major pass into the thigh?

A
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13
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the flexor muscles of the thigh?

A

Illiacus - Illiac fosa, inserts on lesser trochanter

Psoas Major - Posterior abdo wall, inserts of lesser trochanter

Rectus femorus - Straight head from AIIS and reflected head from ilium, inserts on base of patella via common quadricepts femoris tendon

Satorius - ASIS, inserts on medial surface of medial tibial condyle

Pectineus - Superior ramus of pubis, inserts on pectineal line of femur.

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14
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh, their action and what they are supplied by

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembraneous (hamstrings).

Their action is to extend the hip but also flex the leg. They are supplied by the sciatic nerve, except short head of biceps

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15
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the extensors of the thigh (muscles of posterior compartment of thigh)

A

Biceps femoris - ischial tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspera, inserts onto head of fibula

Semitendionsus - ischial tuberosity, inserts onto medial surface of medial tibial condyle

Semimembraneous - Ischial tubercosity to medial condyle of tibia

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis and gracilis. All preform adduction and are all supplied by obturator nerve

17
Q

What are the main extensors of the knee

A

Quadricepts femoris which is a group of muscles made up of; Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis and Vastuc lateralis

18
Q

What is the stability if the knee joint dependant on?

A

The tone of quadriceps

19
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the extensors of the knee

A

Rectus femoris - AIIS to tuberosity of tibia via patella ligament

Vastus medialis - intertrochanter line of femur and inserts on tuberosity of tiba

Vastus lateralis - Linea aspera/greater trochanter, inserts onto tuberosity of tiba.

Vastus intermedius - anterior shaft femur to tuberosity of tibia

20
Q

What is the Pes Anserinus

A

It is the common site of attachement for sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus on the tibia. It also adds stability to the medial side of the knee

21
Q

Describe the features of the patella ligament reflex

A

Deep tendon reflex which is elicited by tapping the patellar ligament. It tests the femoral nerve and spinal segments L3 and L4

22
Q

What are the boarders of the femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament (base) the sartorius muscle laterally, the adductor longus medially, pectineus (medial floor) and illiopsoas (lateral floor), roof is fascia lata

23
Q

What is the femoral canal?

A

A short conical space between the medial wall of femoral sheath and the femoral vein.

24
Q

What is contained in the femoral canal and what are some features of it.

A

Deep inguinal lymph nodes found in canal.

It allows the femoral vein to expand.

Femoral ring at base of canal is a weak area, can lead to femoral hernia.

25
Q

What are the boarders of the femoral ring?

A

Anteriorly - medial part of inguinal ligament

Medially - Lacunar ligament

Laterally - septum between femoral canal and vein

Posteriorly - pectineus muscle and fascia

26
Q

What are the features of femoral hernia’s

A

There is a protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the canal. If untreated this viscera can undergo necrosis.

27
Q

What is the adductor canal? what runs through it?

A

(Hunter’s or subsartorial canal)

It starts at inferior cornor of femoral triangle and ends at adductor hiatus.

The femoral vessels and saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis enter.

28
Q

What are the boarders of the adductor canal?

A
29
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part - Inferior rami of pubis and ischium to linea aspara

Hamstring part - Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of femur

30
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the adductor longus?

A

Pubis to linea aspera

31
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the adductor brevis

A

Body of pubis and inferior pubic rami to linea aspera

32
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the Gracilis

A

Inferior rami of pubis and pubis to medial surface of tibia

33
Q

Gateways for pelvic girdle

Greater and lesser sciatic foramen, obturator canal, inguinal ligament

A
34
Q

Features of the medial compartment of thigh

A
35
Q

Features of the anterior compartment of thigh

A
36
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle

A
37
Q

Femoral canal

image

A