Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2002 Lucas > Bloodborne Pathogens (old) > Flashcards

Bloodborne Pathogens (old) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the routes of transmission for bloodborne viruses?

A

Direct contact with infected blood fluids, contaminated needles/syringes/unsterile instruments or direct infection via arthropod vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three transmission routes for the human immunodeficiency virus? (HIV)

A

Via blood/blood products, contaminated needles, sexually or perinatally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the progression of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

Exposure to HIV, seroconversion, asymptomatic, persistent generalised lymphadenopathy, AIDS related clinical features then AID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some treatments of HIV

A
  • Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
  • Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs).
  • Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
  • And anti-retroviral therapy which can be combinations of the treatments above.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you diagnose HIV?

A
  • HIV-specific antibodies via ELISA or western Blotting.

- NAAT used to detect viral RNA serum and viral load.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can you prevent HIV?

A

Screening of blood products, needle exchange programmes, anti-retroviral prophylaxis for needlestick injuries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens

A
  • HBsAg (surface antigen).
  • HBcAg (core antigen)
  • HBeAg (pre-core antigen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the ways HBV is transmitted?

A
  • Blood or blood products, contaminated needles, tattoos, piercings or acupuncture.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the clinical features of HBV

A

Pre-icteric stage (malaise, anorexia, nausea and tender liver). Icteric Stage (jaundice and dark urine) Can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe what jaudice is

A

Yellowish pigmentation in the skin, sclerae and other mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for HBV

A

Pegylated Interfeuron Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe some HBV prevention

A

HBsAg vaccine, HBV immunoglobin, blood screening, needle exchange programmes and sex ed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV)

A

Blood and blood products, tattooing, body piercings and acupuncture, haemodialysis (sexual and vertical transmission uncommon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical features of HCV?

A

Usually asymptomatic but can have; fatigue, nausea, weight loss, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (last two more rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for HCV?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cause of malaria?

A

5 species of plasmodium, the most common is plasmodium falciparum. Female mosquitos inject it into bloodstream so it is a zoonotic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the clinical features of malaria?

A

Flu-like symptoms but p. falciparum can lead to complications such as cerebral malaria, circulatory shock and hepatitis.

18
Q

Diagnosis of malaria?

A

At least 3 blood films (thick and thin) and NAAT for detecting drug resistance.

19
Q

Malaria treatment?

A

Chemotherapy to kill blood stages and combination therapy. Example of an antimalarial is chloroquine

20
Q

Malaria prevention?

A

Sleep under bed nets, cover exposed skin, use mosquito repellent, prophylaxis and vaccines currently being developed.

21
Q

Key facts about Hepatitis B

A
22
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

diagram

A
23
Q

What is the highest burden of HBV

A
24
Q

Features of HBV chronicity

A
25
Q

What are the differences between Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B

in terms of antigens

A
26
Q

Co-infection with Human Immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)

A
27
Q

Structure of HCV

A
28
Q

Key facts about hepatitis C

A
29
Q

What can HCV cause

A
30
Q

Where are the highest burden of HCV

A
31
Q

Diagnosis of HCV

A
32
Q

Prevention of HCV

A
33
Q

HIV structure

A
34
Q

HIV species

A
35
Q

Key facts about HIV/AIDS

A
36
Q

What the HIV risk factors

A
37
Q

Malaria - transmission and life cycles

image

A
38
Q

What does the most sick and most vunerable children in malaria endemic countries require?

A
39
Q

What is jaundice a measure of?

A
40
Q

Bloodborne Infections and Jaundice

A

MD2002 Lucas (111 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions