Autonomic NS 2

Question 1

What are the two kinds of acetylcholine and describe them

Answer 1

Nicotinic Receptors which are ionotropic.

Muscarinic - G-protein linked receptor

Question 2

The effects of anticholinesterase drugs are predominatly what part of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

The parasympathetic nervous system. The more wet the symptoms the more likely it is to be parasympathetic

Question 3

What are the main locations for nicotinic Ach receptors?

Answer 3

• Neuromuscular junction
• Sympathetic ganglia
• Parasympathetic ganglia
• Central nervous system

Question 4

What are the main locations for muscarinic ACh receptors?

Answer 4

• Parasympathetic target organs
• Sweat Glands (sympathetic)
• Vascular smooth muscle
• Central nervous system

Question 5

What are some agonists for Muscarinic receptor?

Answer 5

Ach, Muscarine and the drugs bethanechol and Pilocarpine

Question 6

What are some agonists for Nicotinic receptors?

Answer 6

Ach

Nicotine

Question 7

What are the different types of Muscarinic receptors?

Answer 7

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 all of which are also found in the CNS

Question 8

What are the main locations, cellular response and functional response for M1 receptors?

Answer 8

Locations - Autonomic Ganglia and Glands (gastric, salivary, lacrimal etc)

Functional Response - Gastric Secretion

Question 9

What are the main locations, cellular response and functional response for M2 receptors?

Answer 9

Locations - The artria of the heart

Functional response - Cardiac Inhibition

Question 10

What are the main locations, cellular response and functional response for M3 receptors?

Answer 10

Main location - Exocrine glands (gastric, salivary etc); Smooth Muscle (GI tract, eye, airways, bladder); Blood vessels (endothelium)

Functional Response - Gastric/salivary secretion, GI smooth muscle contraction, ocular accommodation and vasodilation

Question 11

What are the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of Pilocarpine?

Answer 11

Properties - Non-selective muscarinic agonist

Clinical uses - Constriction of pupils, Glaucoma (decrease intraocular pressure) and to increase throat secretions

Question 12

What are the muscarinic antagonists?

Answer 12

• Atropine
• Glycopyrronium
• Hyoscine hydrobromide
• Hyoscine Butylbromide
• Ipratropium
• Tropicamide

Question 13

Name the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of Atropine

Answer 13

Question 14

Name the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of glycopyrronium

Answer 14

Question 15

Name the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of Hyoscine Hydrobromide

Answer 15

Question 16

Name the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of Hyoscine Butylbromide

Answer 16

Question 17

Name some of the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of Ipratropium

Answer 17

Muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist

Question 18

Name some of the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of Tropicamide

Answer 18

Question 19

What are some of the issues with muscarinic antagonists?

Answer 19

Few can differentiate between the different muscarinic receptors.

Muscarinic receptors are widespread.

Control by route of administration.

Question 20

During surgery, a patient becomes bradycardic as a result of a muscle relaxant.
What pharmacological agetn could be used to counter this?

Answer 20

Question 21

ANS and the eye

image

Answer 21

Question 22

Drugs acting on ACh with implications for the ANS

Answer 22

Question 23

Central Nervou System

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Answer 23