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MD2002 Lucas > Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles > Flashcards

Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the Pectoral Girdle ?

A

Scapula and Clavicle

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2
Q

What are the functions of the Pectoral Girdle ?

A
  1. Attaches upper limb to the axial skeleton

2. Augments free movement of the limb (incl. by providing muscle attachment)

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3
Q

What are the components of the Pelvic Girdle ?

A

Hip Bone (Ischium, Ilium, Pubis), sacrum, coccyx

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4
Q

What are the functions of the Pelvic Girdle ?

A
  1. Attaches lower limbs to axial skeleton
  2. Provides almost rigid, complete ring (for weight bearing and childbirth)
  3. Provides muscle attachment for limb movement
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5
Q

What are the main functions of the clavicle ?

A
  1. Increases mobility (holds limbs away from trunk)

2. Transmits forces from upper limb to trunk

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6
Q

Describe the structure of each end of the clavicle + what they articulate with.

A

Lateral end - flat, articulates with acromion

Medial end - quadrangular, articulates with manubrium of sternum

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7
Q

What is the shape of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle ?

A

Medial 1/3 is rounded and convex anteriorly

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8
Q

What is the location of the scapula ?

A

On the postolateral aspect of the thorax

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9
Q

How is the scapula held in position ?

A

By the clavicle

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10
Q

What is the position of the scapula relative to adjacent ribs ?

A

Overlying the 2nd (superior angle) -7th ribs (inferior angle)

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11
Q

How many margins does the scapula have ? What are the margins of the scapula called ?

A

Three

Superior, Medial, Lateral margins

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12
Q

What are the functions of the supra and infraglenoid tubercles ?

A

Providing attachment for the long heads of the biceps and triceps respectively

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13
Q

What is the function of the glenoid fossa ?

A

Articulation with the humerus

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14
Q

What is the joint linking pectoral girdle and the body/the only point of attachment of limbs and axial skeleton ?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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15
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint ?

A

Saddle joint

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16
Q

What are the characteristic structures of the sternoclavicular joint ?

A

Joint capsule

Intra-articular disc (attached to the clavicle, manubrium and the capsule)

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17
Q

Which structures strengthen the capsule of the sternoclavicular joint ?

A

Ligaments anteriorly and posteriorly + interclavicular and costoclavicular ligaments

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18
Q

What is impingement syndrome ?

A

Supraspinatus injury or bursitis developping due to arthritis in adjacent joints and repetitive strain injury (affecting acromioclavicular joint)

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19
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint ?

A

Gliding (=plane) joint

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20
Q

Which structure strengthen the capsule of the acromioclavicular joint ?

A

Coraco-acromial ligament

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21
Q

Which structures support the acromioclavicular joint as a whole ?

A

The conoid and trapezoid parts of the coraco-clavicular ligament

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22
Q

Where is the gateway for the pectoral girdle to the upper limb ?

A

Between the clavicle, superior edge of scapula, and the 1st rib

23
Q

What goes through the gateway for the pectoral girdle to the upper limb ?

A

Subclavian vessels and the trunks of the brachial nerve plexus passes to the axilla

24
Q

What bones make up the hip bone ?

A

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

25
Q

Which joint joins hip bones and sacrum (sacrum ?

A

Sacro-iliac joint

26
Q

What structure seperate the three bones of the hip bone ? Is it visible ?

A

Tri-radiate cartilage (visible radiologically)

27
Q

Where do the hip bones articulate with each other ?

A

At the pubic symphysis

28
Q

What is the level of the the highest point of the iliac crest ?

A

L4

29
Q

The anterior superior iliac spine is on the same coronal plane as which other structures ?

A

Pubic tubercle and pubic crest

30
Q

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis ? Where is is present ?

A 
Secondary cartilaginous (=fibrocartilage) joint
Between the left and right pubic bodies
31
Q

Which structures support the pubic symphysis joint ?

A

Superior and arcuate ligaments

32
Q

What is the function of the pubic symphysis ?

A

Limited movement

Shock absorption

33
Q

What kind of joint is the sacro-iliac joint ? What structures support it ?

A

Synovial anteriorly and supported by the Anterior sacro-iliac ligament
Fibrous posteriorly and supported by the Posterior sacro-iliac and Interosseous ligaments

34
Q

What is the function of the sacro-iliac joint ?

A

Weight Transfer

Very limited movement

35
Q

What structures support the sacro-iliac joint ? Which other function do they have ?

A

Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligaments

Preventing the sacrum tilting forwards
Convert the sciatic notches into Greater and Lesser sciatic foramina for the passage of nerves and vessels

36
Q

What are the main gateways for pelvic girdle ?

A

Sciatic Nerve and Gluteal Neurovascular Bundle
Obturator Neurovascular Bundle
Femoral Neurovascular Bundle
Internal Pudendal Neurovascular Bundle

37
Q

Where are the different neurovascular bundles located relative to the body ?

A

Femoral nerve and vessels ANTERIORLY
Branches of the Obturator nerve and vessels located medially
Sciatic nerve (with posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and inferior gluteal vessels adjacent) located posteriorly

38
Q

What is the positional relation between sciatic nerve and gluteal region ?

A

Sciatic nerve emerges into the gluteal region inferior to piriformis muscle and midway between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter

39
Q

What is the safe area for intramuscular (intragluteal) injections in the gluteal region ?

A

Upper, outer quadrant

40
Q

What are possible movements of the pectoral girdle ?

A
  1. Elevation and depression
  2. Protraction and retraction
  3. Rotation of scapula (abduction of the arm, so glenoid fossa fasses upward or downward)
41
Q

What are the main muscles responsible for movement of the pectoral girdle ? How does each muscle aid specifically ?

A

Serratus Anterior
Trapezius - Upper fibres 􏰁 turn the glenoid fossa upwards (“wing-nut” effect), assisting serratus anterior in full abduction of the upper limb

Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Major and Minor - Scapular retraction; Stabilises scapula (with serratus anterior)

Pectoralis minor - Stabilises the scapula by holding it down and against the thoracic wall

Subclavius - Anchors clavicle

42
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior ?

A

Origin: External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st–8th ribs
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

43
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius ?

A

Origin: Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of and supraspinous ligaments between C7–T12 vertebrae
Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

44
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor ?

A

Origin: 3rd–5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

45
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the subclavius ?

A

Origin: Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Insertion: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae ?

A

Origin: Posterior aspect of transverse processes of C1–C4 vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula, superior to root of spine

47
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid major ?

A

Origin: Spinous processes of T2–T5 vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

48
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid minor ?

A

Origin: Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion: Triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

49
Q

What is the nerve supply of each muscle responsible for movement in the pectoral girdle ?

A

Trapezius- Spinal accessory nerve

Pectoralis minor- Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

Rhomboid minor and major - Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

Levator scapulae- Dorsal scapular (C4-5) & Anterior rami of C3-4

Serratus anterior- Long thoracic nerve (C5-6-7) (the nerve remains superficial to the muscle)

50
Q

What is the role of the pelvic girdle in mobility ?

A

Pelvic girdle immobile BUT provides attachment for muscles involved in hip joint movement and stabilisation

51
Q

Which structures are moving when one is walking ?

A

Extension of the hip (when standing from sitting down in general)

Muscles abduct the hip (keep the pelvis level when walking; the neck of the femur is essential for the function of these muscles)

Femur rotates at the hip

52
Q

What is the position of the serratus anterior relative to nearby structures ?

A

Wraps around thorax from ribs 1 to 8 to the medial border of the scapula

53
Q

What is the relation between serratus anterior and the axilla ?

A

􏰀Serratus anterior forms medial wall of axilla

MD2002 Lucas (111 decks)

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