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2 MSK > Upper Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

whats the only thing attaching upper limb to axial skeleton

A

clavicle

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2
Q

what are the bones of the upper limb

A 
shoulder girdle 
humerus 
radius/ulnar 
wrist (radio-carpal joint) 
carpus 
hand
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3
Q

what helps to deepen the glenoid process

A

labrum to deepen it and try to increase stability

like a golf ball sitting on a t

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4
Q

whats a ‘sprung shoulder’

A

dislocation of the AC joint (acromioclavicular)

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5
Q

which muscles move the shoulder girdle

A

superficial extrinsic muscles of the back

trapezius

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6
Q

how to test trapezius

A

shrug shoulders

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7
Q

where is the origin of the trapezius

A

spinous processes T12

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8
Q

what pathologies is the glena-humeral joint susceptible to

A

OA/RA
dislocation
adhesive capsulitis

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9
Q

what is adhesive capsulitis

A

frozen shoulder
seen in diabetics and post-trauma

external rotation is the first thing to go

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10
Q

what does the labrum do

A

u creases capture of the humeral head to increase stability

susceptible to labral tears

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11
Q

who gets slap tears in the labrum

A

people with throwing injuries

slap tears occur where the biceps tendon anchors to labrum

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12
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis (anterior)

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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13
Q

what nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle and function

A

suprascapular nerve C5-C5

abducts arm

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14
Q

what nerve innervates infraspinatus and function

A

suprascapular nerve

externally rotates arm

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15
Q

what nerve innervated theres minor and what is its function

A

externally rotates arm

ancillary nerve (C5/C6)

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16
Q

what nerve innervated subscapularis and what is its function

A

upper and lower sub scapular

internally rotates the arm

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17
Q

pathologies that affect the rotator cuff

A

tears (treat with analgesia, physio and steroids)

impingment

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18
Q

what does the deltoid do and what nerve innervates it

A

abducts the arm

innervated by axillary nerve

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19
Q

where does the short head of the biceps brachia originate

A

coracoid process

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20
Q

where does the long head of the biceps originate

A

labrum/glenoid

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21
Q

where does the biceps insert

A

tuberosity of the radius

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22
Q

what nerve innervates the biceps

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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23
Q

function of the biceps

A

flexes elbow

supinates forearm

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24
Q

what pathologies are the biceps susceptible to

A

tendonitis

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25
Q

what side is the radial head on in the elbow joint

A

always lateral

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26
Q

what does the radial head articulate with in the elbow

A

capitulum

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27
Q

what pathologies is the elbow susceptible to

A

OA/RA
dislocation
ulceration
fracture

28
Q

most common reason for elbow replacements

A

rheumatoid arthritis

v rare

29
Q

most common dislocation in the elbow

A

ulnar moves posteriorly

30
Q

what do children elbows look like

A

Olecronon only partly formed

growth plates visible

31
Q

what bursa is commonly inflammed

A

olecranon bursa

used to be called students bursitis

32
Q

ligaments of the elbow

A

medial collateral
lateral collateral
annular ligament

33
Q

where do all the extensor muscles of the forearm (dorsal compartment) insert

A

the lateral epicondyle

34
Q

what are the extensor muscles of the forearm susceptible to

A

Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

type of tendonitis

35
Q

what is the common site or origin for the flexor muscles of the forearm

A

medial epicondyle

golfer’s elbow

36
Q

what membrane is between the ulnar and radius

A

interosseous membrane

37
Q

when do the ulnar and radius cross over

A

in pronation

38
Q

what are the bones of the hand

A 
scaphoid  some 
lunate lovers
triquetrum try 
pisiform positions 
trapezium that
trapeziod they 
capitate cannot 
hamate handle
39
Q

what is the wrist joint susceptible to

A

OA
RA
fractures
dislocations

40
Q

most common type of wrist fracture

A

distal radius fracture

dorsally displaced

dinner fork deformity

41
Q

what bone in the hand has a retrograde (doubles back on itself) blood supply

A

scaphoid makes it susceptible to avascular necrosis

Same as the femoral head

42
Q

what type of scaphoid fracture is more likely to head

A

distal

43
Q

where do you feel for a scaphoid fracture

A

anatomical snuff box

44
Q

what does your thumb not have that the other fingers have

A

intermediate phalange

45
Q

what are the two groups of hand muscles

A

intrinsic and extrinsic

46
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

within the hand itself

responsible fro fine motor functions

47
Q

extrinsic muscles

A

located in anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm

control finger flexion and extension and movement of the wrist

48
Q

what do the thenar muscles do and what are they called and whats their innervation

A

moves thumb

opposes pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis braves

innervated by median nerve

49
Q

what do the hypothenar muscles do and what are they called

and what innervation

A

move the little finger
abductor digits minimi

ulnar nerve

50
Q

what do the interossei muscles do

A

move all the fingers
all flex MCPJand extend IPJ

ulnar nerve innervation

51
Q

what do the lumbrical muscles do (x4)

A

one for each finger
crucial to dinger moment
link extensor and decor tendons

lateral 2 innervated by median nerve

medial 2 innervated by ulnar nerve

52
Q

extrinsic muscles of the hand

A

flexor tendons

flexor pulleys

53
Q

what does the flexor digitorum superficial do

A

extrinsic flexor of fingers
flexes fingers at PIP joints
innervated by median nerve
passes through carpal tunnel

54
Q

what does flexor digitorum profundus do

A

flexes fingers at DIP joints
innervated by median nerve
passes through carpal tunnel

55
Q

what are the flexor pulleys

A

annular ligaments
cruciate pulleys

susceptible to triggering

56
Q

what is the palmar fascia

A

separated the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from skin

susceptible to hypertrophy and fibrosis (dupuytrens contractor)

57
Q

what vessels arterial supply the hand

A

radial artery and ulnar artier (come from the brachial artery)

58
Q

how are the ulnar and radial digit artery names

A

by the side of the digit theyre closer to

59
Q

what are the 3 peripheral nerves of the hand

A

median
ulnar
radial

60
Q

what muscles does the median nerve supply

A

flexors of forearm
LOAF muscles
abductor pollicis brevis (test)

61
Q

what are the 2 types of compressive neuropathies in the upper limb

A

cubital tunnel syndrome at elbow

carpal tunnel syndrome at wrist

62
Q

what happens in cubital tunnel

A

ulnar nerve compressed

63
Q

what happens in carpal tunnel

A

median nerve compressed

64
Q

what is the brachial plexus

A

network of the ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve roots

goes through neck, axilla into the arm

give off the peripheral nerves that supply upper arm and forearm and hand

65
Q

what sections is the brachial plexus split into

A 
roots 
trunks 
divisions
cords 
branches

watch youtube video on it bc u need to know it

2 MSK (35 decks)

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