Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2 MSK > Foot and ankle > Flashcards

Foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

most common ligaments for spraining the ankle

A

ATFL

CFL (less common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structures of the medial hind foot

A

Tom Dick and Harry

Tibias posterior
flexor digitorium longus
HFL nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

features of the medial and hind foot

A 
medial malleolus 
anteromedial tibiotalar joint 
deltoid ligament 
PTT, FDL, FHL 
posterior tibial artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structures in the posterior ankle and hind foot

A 
achilles tendon 
calcaneal insertion 
retrocalcaneal space 
perineal tendons 
FHL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anterior ankle structures

A 
anterior ankle joint 
superficial perineal N 
EHL
EDL 
Saphernous N (just over medial malleolus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

structures in the plantar surface of the foot

A 
heel pad 
5th MT base 
plantar fascia 
metatarsal heads 
tib post insertion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Foot and ankle examination LOOK

A

look

patient age
obvious rheumatoid disease 
walking aids 
shoes, raises, insoles, never wear 
skin changes 
atrophy, skin, hair 
gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 rockers of gait

A

1- heal strike to flat floor
2- mid stance
3-heel rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Foot and ankle examination MOVE

A 
ankle joint 
subtler joint 
talonavicular and CC joints 
Lis Franc 
MTPJs 
PJs 
hindfoot/forefoot relationship
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens when achilles tendon is ruptured

A

in Thomson’s test there is no relation between leg and foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when do children develop arches

A

around 6 or 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can cause adult acquired flat foot

A

tibias posterior dysfunction
seen in up to 10% of elderly women
can’t push off properly, tiring to walk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who gets tibias posterior dysfunction

A 
obese middle aged women 
increases with age 
flat foot 
hypertension 
diabetes
steroid injection 
seronegative arthropathies 
idiopathic tendonitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

symptoms of tibias posterior dysfunction

A 
pain and/or swelling posterior to medial malleolus 
change in foot shape 
diminished walking ability/balance 
dislike of uneven surfaces 
more noticeable hallux valgus 
lateral wall 'impingement' pain 
mid foot and ankle pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for tibias posterior dysfunction

A 
physio 
insole support for medial arch 
NO steroid injections
orthotics 
bespoke footwear 
surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what causes pes cavus

A

idiopathic

v high arches suggest underlying pathology most commonly HSNM, club foot, polio, CP)

17
Q

what is pes cavus

A

v high arch?

18
Q

what is plantar fasciitis

A

start up pain after rest
can be worse after exercise
fullness or swelling of plantar medial aspect of feel
tender over plantar aspect of heel

19
Q

treatment for plantar fasciitis

A 
NSAIDS 
night splints 
taping 
heel cups or medial arch supports 
physio 
steroid injection

self-limiting over 18-24 months

20
Q

causes of plantar fasciitis

A 
physical overload - excessive exercise or weight 
seronegative arthropathy 
diabetes 
abnormal foot shape 
improper footwear
21
Q

what are bunions (hallux valgus)

A

deformity at first MTP joint

22
Q

4 causes for bunion pain

A
  1. medial nerve
  2. from the bursa
  3. intrinsic joint pain
  4. transfer of load through other toes
23
Q

who gets hallux valgus

A

females:males 2:1
increases with age
usually bilateral
adolescent subgroup

24
Q

how do you treat hallux valgus

A

non-operative (shoe modifications, padding)

operative

25
Q

what surgery can you do for hallux valgus

A

scarf/akin

break the bone an move the head laterally

26
Q

what is hallux rigidus

A

osteoarthritis of the 1st MTP joint

27
Q

how do you manage hallux rigidus

A

non-operative
joint replacement
fusion

28
Q

what operation do you do for rheumatoid arthritis in the feet

A

same as for hallux rigidus

joint fusion

29
Q

what is the pathogenesis of RA in the feet

A

synovitis
proteinases and collagenases
impaired integrity of joint capsules
destruction of the hyaline cartilage

30
Q

what is the main reason foot problems arise in diabetes

A

peripheral neuropathy

  • cant feel when they’ve hurt they’re feet
  • poor wound heeling
31
Q

what is charcots foot

A

weakness in the bones of the foot due to nerve damage

with continued walking the bones become deformed

30-50% chance of ulceration which can lead to osteomyelitis

32
Q

how do you treat charcots foot

A

conservative

failed conservative measures - surgery

33
Q

things to consider before operating on charcots foot

A 
normal pulses
nutrition 
optimisation of HbA1C
soft tissue envelope-ideally closed  
location of deformity 
presence of infection or osteomyelitis
34
Q

what type of surgery is done for charcots

A 
fixed surgery 
primary internal, primary external or a combination of both 
external fixation (external metal work on patient)
35
Q

what is Morton’s neuroma

A

degenerative fibrosis of digital nerve near its bifurcation

causes forfeit pain, burning and tingling in toes

36
Q

who gets Morton’s neuroma

A

45-50 y/o F>M

37
Q

how is Mortons’s neuroma managed

A

non-op (insoles and injections)

operative (excise)

38
Q

tendon-achiles tendinosis

A

repetitive micro trauma, failure of collagen repair with loss of fibre alignment/structure

2 MSK (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions