Lower Limb Overview Flashcards
functions of the lower limb
support body weight
locomotion
maintain balance
what are the 6 regions of the lower limb
gluteal femoral knee leg ankle foot
Ball and socket joint movements
flexion-extension
abduction-adduction
medial-lateral rotation
circumduction
describe a synovial joint
held within strong capsules
external fibrosis layer (spiral ligaments)
internal membranous layer
spiral formation of the ligaments in the hip function
brings two sides closer together making the joint more stable
3 ligaments in the hip
illiofemoral
ishciofemoral
pubofemoral
What blood vessels supply the hip joint
Medial circumflex artery - supplies the head of the femur
Intracapsular reticular arteries
What type of joint is the knee
synovial hinge joint
what side of the knee joint is the fibula
always lateral
what are the 3 articulations to the knee joint
2x tibiofemoral (medial and lateral)
1x patellofemoral
types of ligaments in knee joints
extra capsular
extra capsular ligaments of the know
outside the capsule
patella ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
what are menisci
cresent shaped cartridges surrounding the femur
fibrocartilage
what does the ACL do
prevents anterior movement over the femur
What does the PCL do
stops the tibia moving backwards
Men are more susceptible to the knee collapsing in true/false
false, women due to wider pelvis
what does greater sciatic foramen hold
sciatic nerve
what gluteal quadrant is the safest for injection
upper lateral
what is the largest nerve in the body and where does it supply
the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot
Pudenal nerve function
2,3,4 keeps your guts off the floor
principle nerve to perineum
what does the gluteus Maximus do
works when squated
gluteus medius
adduction of the hip
tight piriformis causes
tingles in the feet, shooting pain
trendelenberg gait
reduced function of the superior gluteal nerve
hip will drop down on the contralateral side
due to weak hip adduction by the gluteus medius
the sciatic nerve has its own artery true/false
true
muscle compartments hold muscles that have the same innervations true/false
TRUE
how many compartments are in the thigh and what are they called
3
anterior
medial
posterios
leg 3 compartments
anterior
lateral
posterior
What is compartment syndrome
when there is increased pressure in the compartment due to swelling of tissue or increased fluid (bleeding)
affects functions of muscles or nerves in the compartment
treatment for compartment syndrome
fasciotomy to release pressure
who gets chronic compartment syndrome
athletes
returns to normal after exercise
due to increased padding out of the muscles
what is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh
flexion of the thigh (hip joint)
extension of the leg (knee joint)
what muscle allows you to cross your legs
sartorius
what nerve supplies the anterior compartment
femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)
Contents of the femoral triangle
NAVY femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein lympatics
posterior compartment of the thigh supply
sciatic nerve
posterior compartment of the leg has 2 groups what are they
superficial
deep
what 3 muscles are in the superficial posterior group of the leg
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
4 muscles in the deep group
flexors of toes and plantar flexors of ankle
what is used for tendon repair in other places
plantarflexors of the ankle
lateral compartment of leg muscles
2 muscles
fibulas longus
fibularis brevis
lateral leg compartment supply
superficial fibular nerve
anterior compartment of leg
dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes (L5,S1,S2)
nerve that supplies anterior compartment of leg
all deep fibular nerve (L4,5)
what causes foot drop
deep fibular never palsy
loss of muscle action in the anterior compartment of leg
caused foot to drop down
calceneal tendon lay name
Achilles tendon
what tendon is the thickest and strongest in the body
Calcaneal/achillies
what does the ‘ankle jerk’ reflex test
S1, S2 nerve routes
Achilles tendon
where does the calcanea/achillies tendon attach
calcanea tuberosity of the calceneus
what are the flexor muscles of the thigh
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
satorius
rectus femurs
what are the extensors of the leg
rectus femoris
vests lateralis
vests medals
vests intermedis
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh
The femoral nerve
what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle
superior: inguinal ligament
medial: adductor longus
lateral: sartorius
roof- deep fascia
floor- psoas and pectineus
what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh
Obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)
what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh
Tibial regions of the sciatic nerve
L5,S1,S2
what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg
Deep fibular nerve
what nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibular nerve
