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2 MSK > Lower Limb Overview > Flashcards

Lower Limb Overview Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the lower limb

A

support body weight
locomotion
maintain balance

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2
Q

what are the 6 regions of the lower limb

A 
gluteal 
femoral 
knee 
leg 
ankle 
foot
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3
Q

Ball and socket joint movements

A

flexion-extension
abduction-adduction
medial-lateral rotation
circumduction

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4
Q

describe a synovial joint

A

held within strong capsules
external fibrosis layer (spiral ligaments)
internal membranous layer

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5
Q

spiral formation of the ligaments in the hip function

A

brings two sides closer together making the joint more stable

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6
Q

3 ligaments in the hip

A

illiofemoral
ishciofemoral
pubofemoral

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7
Q

What blood vessels supply the hip joint

A

Medial circumflex artery - supplies the head of the femur

Intracapsular reticular arteries

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8
Q

What type of joint is the knee

A

synovial hinge joint

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9
Q

what side of the knee joint is the fibula

A

always lateral

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10
Q

what are the 3 articulations to the knee joint

A

2x tibiofemoral (medial and lateral)

1x patellofemoral

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11
Q

types of ligaments in knee joints

A

extra capsular

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12
Q

extra capsular ligaments of the know

A

outside the capsule
patella ligament
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
medial (tibial) collateral ligament

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13
Q

what are menisci

A

cresent shaped cartridges surrounding the femur

fibrocartilage

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14
Q

what does the ACL do

A

prevents anterior movement over the femur

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15
Q

What does the PCL do

A

stops the tibia moving backwards

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16
Q

Men are more susceptible to the knee collapsing in true/false

A

false, women due to wider pelvis

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17
Q

what does greater sciatic foramen hold

A

sciatic nerve

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18
Q

what gluteal quadrant is the safest for injection

A

upper lateral

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19
Q

what is the largest nerve in the body and where does it supply

A

the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot

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20
Q

Pudenal nerve function

A

2,3,4 keeps your guts off the floor

principle nerve to perineum

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21
Q

what does the gluteus Maximus do

A

works when squated

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22
Q

gluteus medius

A

adduction of the hip

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23
Q

tight piriformis causes

A

tingles in the feet, shooting pain

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24
Q

trendelenberg gait

A

reduced function of the superior gluteal nerve
hip will drop down on the contralateral side
due to weak hip adduction by the gluteus medius

25
Q

the sciatic nerve has its own artery true/false

A

true

26
Q

muscle compartments hold muscles that have the same innervations true/false

A

TRUE

27
Q

how many compartments are in the thigh and what are they called

A

3
anterior
medial
posterios

28
Q

leg 3 compartments

A

anterior
lateral
posterior

29
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A

when there is increased pressure in the compartment due to swelling of tissue or increased fluid (bleeding)

affects functions of muscles or nerves in the compartment

30
Q

treatment for compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy to release pressure

31
Q

who gets chronic compartment syndrome

A

athletes
returns to normal after exercise
due to increased padding out of the muscles

32
Q

what is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

flexion of the thigh (hip joint)

extension of the leg (knee joint)

33
Q

what muscle allows you to cross your legs

A

sartorius

34
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment

A

femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)

35
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle

A 
NAVY 
femoral nerve 
femoral artery 
femoral vein 
lympatics
36
Q

posterior compartment of the thigh supply

A

sciatic nerve

37
Q

posterior compartment of the leg has 2 groups what are they

A

superficial

deep

38
Q

what 3 muscles are in the superficial posterior group of the leg

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

39
Q

4 muscles in the deep group

A

flexors of toes and plantar flexors of ankle

40
Q

what is used for tendon repair in other places

A

plantarflexors of the ankle

41
Q

lateral compartment of leg muscles

A

2 muscles
fibulas longus
fibularis brevis

42
Q

lateral leg compartment supply

A

superficial fibular nerve

43
Q

anterior compartment of leg

A

dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes (L5,S1,S2)

44
Q

nerve that supplies anterior compartment of leg

A

all deep fibular nerve (L4,5)

45
Q

what causes foot drop

A

deep fibular never palsy
loss of muscle action in the anterior compartment of leg

caused foot to drop down

46
Q

calceneal tendon lay name

A

Achilles tendon

47
Q

what tendon is the thickest and strongest in the body

A

Calcaneal/achillies

48
Q

what does the ‘ankle jerk’ reflex test

A

S1, S2 nerve routes

Achilles tendon

49
Q

where does the calcanea/achillies tendon attach

A

calcanea tuberosity of the calceneus

50
Q

what are the flexor muscles of the thigh

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
satorius
rectus femurs

51
Q

what are the extensors of the leg

A

rectus femoris
vests lateralis
vests medals
vests intermedis

52
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

The femoral nerve

53
Q

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

superior: inguinal ligament
medial: adductor longus
lateral: sartorius
roof- deep fascia
floor- psoas and pectineus

54
Q

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

55
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Tibial regions of the sciatic nerve

L5,S1,S2

56
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

57
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Deep fibular nerve

58
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve

2 MSK (35 decks)

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