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2 MSK > Anatomy of the lower limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is the bony anatomy of the lower limb

A 
pelvis 
hip joint 
femur knee joint 
ankle joint 
foot
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2
Q

what is the top of the pelvis called

A

iliac crest

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3
Q

why are there bumps on bones

A

for muscle attachment

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4
Q

what makes the hip joint stable

A

big surface area between femoral head and acetabulum

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5
Q

how many compartments does the knee have and what are they called

A

3
medial
lateral
patellofemoral

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6
Q

what is the ankle mortis

A

composed to the lateral malleolus, distal end of the tibia and medial malleolus

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7
Q

what is the joint between the

A

acetabulum pedis

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8
Q

bum bone

A

ischium

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9
Q

what is the sacral foramen

A

holes in fused sacrum that allow exit of sacral nerves

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10
Q

what does the labrum do

A

stabilised the hip joint

increases the encapsulation of the femoral head

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11
Q

what is the blood supply to the femoral head

A

MEDIAL (main one) and lateral femoral circumflex artery

small blood supply from obturator artery

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12
Q

extra capsular fracture

A

does impact blood supply to the hip

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13
Q

what primary muscles flex the hip

A

iliac

psoas

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14
Q

origin and insertion of the psoas major

A

origin: transverse processes (L1-L5)
Insertion: lesser trochanter

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15
Q

origin and insertion of the iliac

A

origin: iliac crest
insertion: lesser trochanter

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16
Q

secondary hip flexors

A

rectus femoris

sartorius

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17
Q

origin and insertion of rectus femoris

A

one of the 4 heads of the quadriceps

origin: AIIS
insertion: tibia via patella tendon

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18
Q

origin and insertion of sartorial

A

origin ASIS
Insertion: tibia
also externally rotates him

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19
Q

what muscles adduct the hip

A 
adductor brevis 
adductor Longus 
adductor Magnus 
pectineus 
gracilis
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20
Q

common origin and insertion points for the adductors of the hip

A

origin: inferior pubic rami
insertion: lineament aspera, pectineal line, tibia

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21
Q

clinical issues associated with hip adductors

A

adductor tendinopathy
osteitis pubis
spasticity in NM conditions

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22
Q

what muscles abduct the hip

A

gluteus minimus/medius

tensor fascia lata

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23
Q

what muscle extends the hip

A

gluteus Maximus

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24
Q

origin and insertion of gluteus Maximus

A

origin: posterior aspect of the ilium/sacrum
insertion: iliotibial tract

25
Q

what are the hip extensors/knee flexors

A

biceps femurs
semimembranous
semitendonous

26
Q

clinical issues involving hip extensors/knee flexors

A

avulsion/tears

27
Q

what does lateral hip pain suggest

A

trochanteric bursitis

28
Q

what does groin pain suggest

A

actual hip joint pain

29
Q

what are the ligaments of the knee

A

medial and lateral collaterals
anterior crucate
posterior crucate

30
Q

what do the collateral ligaments do

A

resist virus/valgus stresses at knee joint

31
Q

what clinical issues involve the collateral ligaments

A

tears

32
Q

what does the ACL do

A

resists anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

33
Q

what does the PCL do

A

resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

34
Q

clinical issues with ACL and. PCL

A

tears

35
Q

what are the important functions of the menisci

A
  • shock absorbers
  • increase femoral tibial conformity (fit together)
  • stabilise knee during movement
  • lubricate knee
36
Q

direction of ACL

A

direction of hands in pockets

37
Q

clinical tissues with menisci

A

tears

radial or bucket handle

38
Q

extensors of the knee

A 
quadriceps 
rectus femoris 
vests intermedius 
vests medialis 
vastus lateralis
39
Q

where do the quadriceps insert

A

tibia via the patellar tendon

40
Q

what factors predispose to patella instability

A

genu valgum (more common in women)
femoral head anteversion
weak quads
ligament laxity

41
Q

what are leg muscle compartments

A

bound by thick, fascial compartments

common nerve supply

42
Q

what are muscle compartment important

A

can get compartment syndrome (swelling in compartment)

orthopaedic emergency

43
Q

muscles of anterior compartment of the leg

A 
tibias anterior 
extensor hallucinate 
extensor logic 
extensor digitorum longus 
peroneus tertius
44
Q

lateral compartment of the leg muscles

A

fibularis/peroneus longus/brevis

45
Q

deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibias posterior
flexor hallucis longus
p[.

46
Q

what does brevis mean

A

closer to bone

47
Q

what does the common perineal nerve (fibular) split into

A

superficial fibular

deep fibular

48
Q

what muscles are ankle plantar flexors

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

49
Q

common insertion for ankle plantar flexors

A

calcaneus via achilles tendon

50
Q

clinical issues of achilles tendon

A

tendinopathy

51
Q

what are the ankle dorsiflexors

A

tibias anterior

52
Q

what are the ankle ligaments

A

medially: deltoid ligaments
laterally: lateral ligament complex

53
Q

what is hind foot

A

talus and calcaneous

54
Q

mid foot

A

navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms

55
Q

what is the forefoot

A

metatarsals and phalanges

56
Q

what tendon supports the medial arch

A

tibias posterior tendon

57
Q

clinical issues involving medial arch

A

tibias posterior dysfunction
common in 60s
pain on medial aspect
flattening of foot

58
Q

what ligament supports the medial arch

A

spring ligament

59
Q

what is the planta fascia

A

thickened fascia on sole of foot

2 MSK (35 decks)

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