Bone Cancer Flashcards
what is a osteochondroma
most common benign bone tumour
small growth on the surface of bone with a cartilinagous cap
what is an echondroma
intramedually cartilaginous benign tumour
what is a simple bone cyst
single cavity benign fluid filled cyst in bone
what is a aneurysmal bone cysts
cyst containing multiple blood/serum filled chambers
locally aggressive causing expansion and destruction
what is a giant cell tumour
locally invasive benign tumour consisting of multinucleate giant cells
commonly occur around knee and distal radius
what is fibrous dysplasia
genetic bone disease seen in adolescence involving lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone
effected bone is wider with thin cortexes
what is an osteoid osteomalacia
small nidus (focus of infection) of immature bone surrounded by sclerotic halo
what are some red flags for metastatic bone cancer
constant bone pain - worse at night
systemic symptoms - weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue
old people >60
young people <25
what signs are seen on x-ray from malignant primary bone tumours
- cortical destruction
- periosteal reaction (raised periosteum producing bone)
- new bone formation
- extension into the surrounding soft tissue envelope
what is a osteosarcoma
a malignant bone producing tumour
more common in young people
10% have lung metastasis
what is a Chondrosarcoma
cartilage producing malignant tumour
less common and less aggressive than an osteosarcoma
occurs in older patients
what is Ewing’s sarcoma
malignant tumour of primitive cells in the bone marrow
2nd most prevalent and have the poorest prognosis
associated with fever and warm swelling
characteristics of breast carcinoma bone mets
bony mets can be sclerotic or lytic
mean surgical 24-26 months
characteristics of prostate carcinoma bone mets
produces sclerotic mets
radio and hormone manipulation can reduce fracture risk
characteristics of lung carcinoma bone mets
usually gives rise to lytic bony mets
mean surgical 6 months
