Upper GI Tract

Question 1

Identify

Answer 1

Question 2

Identify and describe the different body habitus

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the different types of contrast? Which one is more common?

Answer 3

• Water insoluble - barium sulfate & water soluble - gastrografin
• water soluble is more common

Question 4

What is the RAO position used for?

Answer 4

The recumbent position is used to demonstrate complete filling of the esophagus

Question 5

What is most active in the RAO position?

Answer 5

Gastric peristalsis

Question 6

Identify the anatomy of the upper GI tract

Answer 6

Question 7

The digestive system consists of what 2 parts?

Answer 7

1. Accessory glands
2. Alimentary canal

Question 8

The stomach is divided into what 4 parts?

Answer 8

1. Cardia
2. Fundus (most superior portion)
3. Body
4. Pyloric Portion

Question 9

Define chyme

Answer 9

Food that has been mechanically and chemically altered in the stomach and transported to the duodenum as material

Question 10

The GI tract consists of what 5 regions?

Answer 10

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small bowel
5. Large bowel

Question 11

In the _____, the food is _____ (chewed) and converted into a ____.

Answer 11

In the MOUTH, the food is MASTICATED (chewed) and converted into a BOLUS.

Question 12

What is deglutition and what are the organs of it?

Answer 12

Deglutition = swallowing

Organs: pharynx and esophagus

Question 13

Where does the digestive process begin and end?

Answer 13

Begins in the stomach and ends in the small bowel

Question 14

The large intestine (_____), is an organ of egestion or _____ of ______.

Answer 14

The large intestine (COLON), is an organ of egestion or ELIMINATION of WASTE MATTER.

Question 15

How long is the GI tract?

Answer 15

29-30 feet

Question 16

Define gastritis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach

Question 17

Define gastroesophageal reflux

Answer 17

Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus

Question 18

Define hiatal hernia

Answer 18

A protrusion of part of the stomach into the chest through the diaphragm

Question 19

What are the openings of the diaphragm?

Answer 19

1. Aorta
2. Esophagus
3. Inferior vena cava

Question 20

What is the purpose of an esophogram?

Answer 20

To evaluate function and motility of esophagus and its connection to the stomach at the esophagogastric junction

Question 21

Why is an upper GI series done?

Answer 21

To evaluate the stomach and proximal small bowel in addition to the esophagus

Question 22

What is the purpose of an Upper GI series?

Answer 22

To evaluate the function and motility of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal small bowels (duodenum) through use of fluoroscopy and barium sulfate contrast agents

Question 23

What are the types of contrast?

Answer 23

Single contrast study and double contrast study

Question 24

Single contrast studies use _____ or ______ only to evaluate _____

Answer 24

Single contrast studies use BARIUM or WATER-SOLUABLE CONTRAST only to evaluate ANATOMY

Question 25

Gastrografin/_______ - ________ so that if contrast ______ into _______ through a preexisting _____ of the ____ or ____, no ____ will result. The _____ is readily absorbed from the _______ and _______ by the _____.

Answer 25

Gastrografin/OMNIPAQUE - WATER-SOLUABLE so that if contrast ESCAPES into PERITONEUM through a preexisting PERFORATION of the STOMACH or INTESTINE, no ILL EFFECT will result. The CONTRAST is readily absorbed from the PERITONEAL CAVITY and EXCRETED by the KIDNEYS.

Question 26

Double contrast studies use ____ as a type of ____ in addition to ___ by ____ of a ________ substance such as a ____ or _____. This allows _______ of small _____ within the _______.

Answer 26

Double contrast studies use AIR as a type of CONTRAST in addition to BARIUM by INGESTION of a GAS-PRODUCING substance such as a POWDER or CRYSTALS. This allows BETTER VISUALIZATION of small LESIONS within the UPPER GI TRACT.

Question 27

What are the routing projections/positions for the esophagram?

Answer 27

RAO, AP/PA, left lateral, LAO

Question 28

What are the routine projections/positions for an upper GI?

Answer 28

AP scout, RAO, AP/PA, right lateral, LPO

Question 29

For both an esophagram and an upper GI study, the patient will begin the exam _____ in _____ of _____ machine in an ____ or ____ position and drink ____ upon _____ instructions in order to ___ the ____.

Answer 29

For both an esophagram and an upper GI study, the patient will begin the exam STANDING in FRONT of FLUOROSCOPY machine in an AP or AP OBLIQUE position and drink CONTRAST upon RADIOLOGIST’S instructions in order to COAT the ESOPHAGUS.

Question 30

The _____ position is also used to obtain more _________ of the ____ and to check for various ____ of the ____ and _____. The most common ______ used is _____ because gastric _____ is ____ in this position.

Answer 30

The RECUMBENT position is also used to obtain more COMPLETE FILLING of the ESOPHAGUS and to check for various PATHOLOGIES of the ESOPHAGUS and STOMACH. The most common RECUMBENT POSITION used is RAO because gastric PERISTALSIS is MOST ACTIVE in this position.

Question 31

While _____, the ______ may have the patient employ the _________, the act of _____ a ____ breath against _______ or the ____. This is achieved by a ______ action as if trying to _____ the _____ and it is used to check for ______.

Answer 31

While RECUMBENT, the RADIOLOGIST may have the patient employ the VALSALVA MANEUVER, the act of FORCING a DEEP breath against CLOSED GLOTTIS or the LARYNX. This is achieved by a STRAINING action as if trying to MOVE the BOWELS and it is used to check for HIATAL HERNIAS.