Upper GI Tract Flashcards
Identify
Identify and describe the different body habitus
What are the different types of contrast? Which one is more common?
- Water insoluble - barium sulfate & water soluble - gastrografin
- water soluble is more common
What is the RAO position used for?
The recumbent position is used to demonstrate complete filling of the esophagus
What is most active in the RAO position?
Gastric peristalsis
Identify the anatomy of the upper GI tract
The digestive system consists of what 2 parts?
- Accessory glands
- Alimentary canal
The stomach is divided into what 4 parts?
- Cardia
- Fundus (most superior portion)
- Body
- Pyloric Portion
Define chyme
Food that has been mechanically and chemically altered in the stomach and transported to the duodenum as material
The GI tract consists of what 5 regions?
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small bowel
- Large bowel
In the _____, the food is _____ (chewed) and converted into a ____.
In the MOUTH, the food is MASTICATED (chewed) and converted into a BOLUS.
What is deglutition and what are the organs of it?
Deglutition = swallowing
Organs: pharynx and esophagus
Where does the digestive process begin and end?
Begins in the stomach and ends in the small bowel
The large intestine (_____), is an organ of egestion or _____ of ______.
The large intestine (COLON), is an organ of egestion or ELIMINATION of WASTE MATTER.
How long is the GI tract?
29-30 feet
Define gastritis
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach
Define gastroesophageal reflux
Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus
Define hiatal hernia
A protrusion of part of the stomach into the chest through the diaphragm
What are the openings of the diaphragm?
- Aorta
- Esophagus
- Inferior vena cava
What is the purpose of an esophogram?
To evaluate function and motility of esophagus and its connection to the stomach at the esophagogastric junction
Why is an upper GI series done?
To evaluate the stomach and proximal small bowel in addition to the esophagus
What is the purpose of an Upper GI series?
To evaluate the function and motility of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal small bowels (duodenum) through use of fluoroscopy and barium sulfate contrast agents
What are the types of contrast?
Single contrast study and double contrast study
Single contrast studies use _____ or ______ only to evaluate _____
Single contrast studies use BARIUM or WATER-SOLUABLE CONTRAST only to evaluate ANATOMY
Gastrografin/_______ - ________ so that if contrast ______ into _______ through a preexisting _____ of the ____ or ____, no ____ will result. The _____ is readily absorbed from the _______ and _______ by the _____.
Gastrografin/OMNIPAQUE - WATER-SOLUABLE so that if contrast ESCAPES into PERITONEUM through a preexisting PERFORATION of the STOMACH or INTESTINE, no ILL EFFECT will result. The CONTRAST is readily absorbed from the PERITONEAL CAVITY and EXCRETED by the KIDNEYS.
Double contrast studies use ____ as a type of ____ in addition to ___ by ____ of a ________ substance such as a ____ or _____. This allows _______ of small _____ within the _______.
Double contrast studies use AIR as a type of CONTRAST in addition to BARIUM by INGESTION of a GAS-PRODUCING substance such as a POWDER or CRYSTALS. This allows BETTER VISUALIZATION of small LESIONS within the UPPER GI TRACT.
What are the routing projections/positions for the esophagram?
RAO, AP/PA, left lateral, LAO
What are the routine projections/positions for an upper GI?
AP scout, RAO, AP/PA, right lateral, LPO
For both an esophagram and an upper GI study, the patient will begin the exam _____ in _____ of _____ machine in an ____ or ____ position and drink ____ upon _____ instructions in order to ___ the ____.
For both an esophagram and an upper GI study, the patient will begin the exam STANDING in FRONT of FLUOROSCOPY machine in an AP or AP OBLIQUE position and drink CONTRAST upon RADIOLOGIST’S instructions in order to COAT the ESOPHAGUS.
The _____ position is also used to obtain more _________ of the ____ and to check for various ____ of the ____ and _____. The most common ______ used is _____ because gastric _____ is ____ in this position.
The RECUMBENT position is also used to obtain more COMPLETE FILLING of the ESOPHAGUS and to check for various PATHOLOGIES of the ESOPHAGUS and STOMACH. The most common RECUMBENT POSITION used is RAO because gastric PERISTALSIS is MOST ACTIVE in this position.
While _____, the ______ may have the patient employ the _________, the act of _____ a ____ breath against _______ or the ____. This is achieved by a ______ action as if trying to _____ the _____ and it is used to check for ______.
While RECUMBENT, the RADIOLOGIST may have the patient employ the VALSALVA MANEUVER, the act of FORCING a DEEP breath against CLOSED GLOTTIS or the LARYNX. This is achieved by a STRAINING action as if trying to MOVE the BOWELS and it is used to check for HIATAL HERNIAS.
