Orientation Terminology Flashcards
8/16 class
IR
Image Receptor (film)
View
view from vantage point of IR (how you’re seeing picture)
Projection
path of radiation from X-ray tube through patient to IR
View and projections will always be ____
opposites
AP projection is a ____ view
PA view
Abduction
movement of a part away from center of body
Adduction
movement of a part towards center of body
Extension
straightening of a joint
Flexion
bending of a joint (angle between bones diminished)
Evert/Eversion
movement of foot when turned outward at the ankle joint with lower leg remaining in anatomical position
Invert/Inversion
movement of foot when turned inward at ankle joint
Pronate
to turn arm(s) so palm of hand(s) faces backward - medial or internal rotation
Supinate
to turn arm(s) so palm of hand(s) faces forward - lateral or external rotation
Lateral Oblique/External Rotation
outward rotation of extremity from either supine/prone
Medial Oblique/Internal Rotation
inward rotation of an extremity from supine/prone position
Midsagittal Plane
divides body into equal left and right portions
Midcoronal Plane
divides body into anterior and posterior portions
SID
“source to image receptor distance” -distance between X-ray tube to IR
OID
“object to image receptor distance” -object you’re imaging and how far away it is from the IR/film -distance should be as little as possible
SOD
“source to object distance” -distance between X-ray tube and object ex) hand
Ventral
front part of body
Anterior
front part of body
Posterior
back part of body
Dorsal
back part of body
Caudad
(angulation of the tube) toward the feet
Cephalad
(angulation of the tube) toward the head
Inferior
away from head end of body
Superior
toward the head end of body
Distal
away from head origin of a part
Proximal
toward head origin of a part
Lateral
parts away from center of body
Medial
parts toward the center of body
Body Position
manner in which patient is placed in relation to the surrounding space
Anatomic Position
body is erect with arms at the sides and palms turned forward
Supine
lying on back, face up
Prone
lying face down
Erect
upright (standing or sitting)
Recumbent
lying down, in any position
Decubitus
lying down with a horizontal beam
Lateral Decubitus
lying on the side = side down is side demonstrated
Left Lateral Decubitus
lying on left side
Right Lateral Decubitus
lying on right side
Oblique Position
position in which body part is rotated so that it does not produce a PA, AP, or lateral projection
RAO
right anterior oblique - right anterior side closest to IR
LAO
left anterior oblique - left anterior side closest to IR
RPO
right posterior oblique - right posterior side closest to IR
LPO
left posterior oblique - left posterior side closest to IR
Projection
path of radiation as it goes from X-ray tube through patient to the IR
AP Projection
anteroposterior projection - radiation enters anterior surface and exits the posterior surface
PA Projection
posteroanterior projection - radiation enters posterior surface and exits the anterior surface
Lateral Projection
side of patient closest to IR
What projection is being demonstrated?
anteroposterior projecion
What projection is being demonstrated?
posteroanterior projection
What position is being demonstrated?
Left lateral position
What position is being demonstrated?
left posterior oblique position
What position is being demonstrated?
right lateral position
What position is being demonstrated?
right anterior oblique position
What position is being demonstrated?
right posterior oblique position
What position is being demonstrated?
left anterior oblique position
What are the 3 instances where gonad shielding is recommended in order to reduce radiation exposure?
- Gonads lie within primary x-ray beam or in close proximity -5cm or 2 inches
- If shield does not compromise the objective of exam
- If patient has reasonable reproductive potential (females 12-55)
Where do you place gonad shields on a female?
bottom of shield is placed at level of pubic symphysis to cover ovary
Where do you place shields on males?
top of shield is placed at the level of pubic symphysis to cover testicles
Is the shielded patient female or male?
Male
Is the shielded patient female or male?
female
What is body habitus?
variations in the shape of the human body
Body habitus directly affects the location of what 6 things?
- Heart 2. Lungs 3. Diaphragm 4. Stomach 5. Colon 6. Gallbladder
What are the 4 different body habitus?
- Sthenic
- Hyposthenic
- Asthenic
- Hypersthenic
Sthenic body habitus is characterized by having…
high stomach
Asthenic body habitus is characterized by having…
long and narrow lungs and low diaphragm and stomach
Hyposthenic body habitus is characterized by being…
average
Hypersthenic body habitus is characterized by having…
massive build, short lungs, and high diaphragm
What percentage of the population has an asthenic body habitus?
10%
What percentage of the population has a hyposthenic body habitus?
35%
What percentage of the population has a hypersthenic body habitus?
5%
What percentage of the population has a sthenic body habitus?
50%
What body habitus is being shown? What are the characteristics?
asthenic - long and narrow lungs and low diaphragm and stomach
What body habitus is being shown? What are the characteristics?
hypersthenic - massive build, short lungs, high diaphragm
What body habitus is being shown? What are the characteristics?
hyposthenic - average
What body habitus is being shown? What are the characteristics?
sthenic - high stomach
