Clavicle, Scapula, Sternum Flashcards
Identify
Identify
The shoulder girdle is formed by 2 bones, _____ and _____. The function of these 2 bones is to connect the ______ to the ______. The girdle is completed in front by the ____. The ____ are widely separated in the back.
The shoulder girdle is formed by 2 bones, CLAVICLE and SCAPULA. The function of these 2 bones is to connect the UPPER LIMB to the TRUNK. The girdle is completed in front by the STERNUM. The SCAPULAE are widely separated in the back.
The clavicle is classified as a ____ bone, lies in a ____ plane just above the ____ and forms the _____ part of the ____ girdle.
The lateral aspect is termed the _____ and it articulates with the _____ of the ______.
The medial aspect, termed the _______, articulates with the ______ of the _____ and the ____ ____ _____.
The clavicle, which serves as a _____ for the movements of the ___, is doubly curved for ____. The curvature is more acute in ____ than ____.
The clavicle is classified as a LONG bone, lies in a HORIZONTAL OBLIQUE plane just above the FIRST RIB and forms the ANTERIOR part of the SHOULDER girdle.
The lateral aspect is termed the ACROMIAL EXTREMITY and it articulates with the ACROMION of the SCAPULA.
The medial aspect, termed the STERNAL EXTREMITY, articulates with the MANUBRIUM of the STERNUM and the FIRST COSTAL CARTILAGE.
The clavicle, which serves as a FULCRUM for the movements of the ARM, is doubly curved for STRENGTH. The curvature is more acute in MALES than FEMALES.
What is the SID, KVP, and routine projections of a clavicles x-ray?
SID= 40”
kVp= 80 grid
Routine Projections = AP/PA and AP/PA axial
CLAVICLE
The ___ projection is most often used when the clavicle is being examined for a ____ in order to prevent the possibility of _________.
However, the ___ projection may be used to examine the clavicle for a reason other than ____.
The advantage of the ___ projection is that the clavicle is closer to the ____ thus reducing ___ and improving recorded _____.
CLAVICLE
The AP projection is most often used when the clavicle is being examined for a FRACTURE in order to prevent the possibility of FRAGMENT DISPLACEMENT.
However, the PA projection may be used to examine the clavicle for a reason other than FRACTURE.
The advantage of the PA projection is that the clavicle is closer to the IR thus reducing OID and improving recorded DETAIL.
AP CLAVICLE
Patient in an ____ or ____ position with their arms ____ by the ___.
Direct the CR ______ to the _____ of the clavicle.
Cone down to the _____ and use markers.
The entire clavicle must be included from _________ to the _________.
AP CLAVICLE
Patient in an UPRIGHT or SUPINE position with their arms STRAIGHT DOWN by the SIDE.
Direct the CR PERPENDICULAR to the MIDSHAFT of the clavicle.
Cone down to the CLAVICLE and use markers.
The entire clavicle must be included from ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT to the STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT.
AP AXIAL CLAVICLE
Patient in same position as for AP projection (upright or supine, arms down by side).
Direct CR to ____ of clavicle with ___° ____ tube angle.
The clavicle will be projected above the ____ and ____ for better visualization.
AP AXIAL CLAVICLE
Patient in same position as for AP projection (upright or supine, arms down by side).
Direct CR to MIDSHAFT of clavicle with 25° CEPHALAD tube angle.
The clavicle will be projected above the RIBS and SCAPULA for better visualization.
PA CLAVICLE - if patient not in danger of fracture
Patient in ____ position or _____ facing in vertical grid.
CR will ___ the midshaft of the clavicle.
Cone down to the ____.
PA AXIAL
Patient in same position as for PA projection.
Direct CR to ____ of clavicle with a ___° ___ tube angle.
PA CLAVICLE - if patient not in danger of fracture
Patient in PRONE position or STANDING facing in vertical grid.
CR will EXIT the midshaft of the clavicle.
Cone down to the CLAVICLE.
PA AXIAL
Patient in same position as for PA projection.
Direct CR to MIDSHAFT of clavicle with a 25° CAUDAL tube angle.
Identify
The scapula is classified as a ___ bone and forms the ____ part of the ____ girdle.
The medial border lies between the ____ and ___ rib and runs parallel with the _____.
The flat aspect of the bone lies about ___ - ___° angle in relation to the anatomical position.
The scapula’s flattened ovoid projection is called the ____.
The area just above the spine is called the ____.
The infraspinatus muscle arises from the portion below the spine which is called the ____.
The superior border extends from the ____ to the ____ and it’s lateral end has a deep depression called the _____. The medial border extends from the ____ to the ___ angles.
The lateral border extends from the _____ to the _____.
The scapula is classified as a FLAT bone and forms the POSTERIOR part of the SHOULDER girdle.
The medial border lies between the SECOND and SEVENTH rib and runs parallel with the VERTEBRAL COLUMN.
The flat aspect of the bone lies about 45-60° angle in relation to the anatomical position.
The scapula’s flattened ovoid projection is called the ACROMION.
The area just above the spine is called the SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA.
The infraspinatus muscle arises from the portion below the spine which is called the INFRASPINOUS FOSSA.
The superior border extends from the SUPERIOR ANGLE to the CORACOID PROCESS and it’s lateral end has a deep depression called the SCAPULAR NOTCH. The medial border extends from the SUPERIOR to the INFERIOR angles.
The lateral border extends from the GLENOID CAVITY to the INFERIOR ANGLE.
What is the SID, kVp and routine projections of a scapula x-ray?
SID= 40”
kVp= 80 grid
Routine Projections= AP, Lateral
AP SCAPULA
Patient in ____ or ____ position with scapula centered to IR.
___ the arm of the affected side to ___ angle to the body to ______.
Direct CR ____ to midscapular area at a point ~ ___ inches ____ to the _____.
The entire scapula should be shown from ____ to _____.
AP SCAPULA
Patient in UPRIGHT or SUPINE position with scapula centered to IR.
ABDUCT the arm of the affected side to RIGHT angle to the body to DRAW SCAPULA LATERALLY.
Direct CR PERPENDICULAR to midscapular area at a point ~ 2 inches INFERIOR to the CORACOID PROCESS.
The entire scapula should be shown from ACROMION PROCESS to INFERIOR ANGLE.
LATERAL SCAPULA
Place patient in an ____ position facing vertical grid.
Rotate the patient about __-__° into ___ or ___ position with affected scapula centered to the vertical grid.
Grasp the ___ and ___ borders of the scapula between the thumb and index fingers of one hand and adjust rotation of patient so that the ___ of the scapula is ____ to the plane of IR.
Have patient flex ___ and place back of hand on the ___ to prevent ___ from ____ the scapula.
Direct CR ___ to the midscapular area.
Collimate around area of the ___.
This projection should demonstrate the lateral image of the scapula from _____ to the ____ without superimposition of the ___.
LATERAL SCAPULA
Place patient in an UPRIGHT position facing vertical grid.
Rotate the patient about 45-60° into RAO or LAO position with affected scapula centered to the vertical grid.
Grasp the LATERAL and MEDIAL borders of the scapula between the thumb and index fingers of one hand and adjust rotation of patient so that the BODY of the scapula is PERPENDICULAR to the plane of IR.
Have patient flex ELBOW and place back of hand on the LOWER BACK to prevent HUMERUS from OVERLAPPING the scapula.
Direct CR PERPENDICULAR to the midscapular area.
Collimate around area of the SCAPULA.
This projection should demonstrate the lateral image of the scapula from ACROMION PROCESS to the INFERIOR ANGLE without superimposition of the RIBS.
Identify
The sternum or _____, is a ____ bone about __ inches in length.
The sternum consists of 3 parts: _____, ____, and ____.
The sternum supports the ____ at the ______ angles and provides attachment to the costal cartilages of the _______ of ribs at the ___ borders.
The manubrium, the ____ portion of the sternum, is ____ in shape and is the ___ portion of the ____.
At it’s center, the superior border of the manibrum has an easily palpable concavity termed the _____.
In the upright position, the jugular notch of the average person lies anterior to the interspace between the ____ and ____ thoracic vertebrae.
The sternum or BREASTBONE, is a FLAT bone about 6 inches in length.
The sternum consists of 3 parts: MANUBRIUM, BODY, and XIPHOID PROCESS.
The sternum supports the CLAVICLES at the SUPERIOR MANUBRIAL angles and provides attachment to the costal cartilages of the FIRST SEVEN PAIRS of ribs at the LATERAL borders.
The manubrium, the SUPERIOR portion of the sternum, is QUADRILATERAL in shape and is the WIDEST portion of the STERNUM.
At it’s center, the superior border of the manibrum has an easily palpable concavity termed the JUGULAR NOTCH.
In the upright position, the jugular notch of the average person lies anterior to the interspace between the SECOND and THIRD thoracic vertebrae.
PA OBLIQUE - RAO POSITION
The patient is positioned _____ facing vertical grid.
____ the patient about __-__° into the ___ position. The ___ position is used to improve ____ and to project their sternum into the ____ shadow with ___ rotation.
A ___” SID is recommended to ___ the ___ ribs.
Place the upper edge of the IR __-__ inches above the ____.
Direct the CR through the ____ to the midpoint of the IR.
The projection should demonstrate the entire sternum from ____ to ____.
PA OBLIQUE - RAO POSITION
The patient is positioned UPRIGHT facing vertical grid.
OBLIQUE the patient about 15-20° into the RAO position. The RAO position is used to improve CONTRAST and to project their sternum into the HEART shadow with MINIMAL rotation.
A 30” SID is recommended to BLUR the POSTERIOR ribs.
Place the upper edge of the IR 1-2 inches above the JUGULAR NOTCH.
Direct the CR through the STERNUM to the midpoint of the IR.
The projection should demonstrate the entire sternum from JUGULAR NOTCH to XIPHOID PROCESS.
LATERAL STERNUM
Position the patient in a ______ position at the vertical grid with sternum centered to the midline of the grid.
A ___” SID is used to reduce ____ and ____ of the sternum.
Place the upper edge of the IR __ - __ inches above the _____.
Rotate the ____ posteriorly and have the patient lock the hands behind the ____.
Direct the CR through the ____ to the center of the IR.
Respiration is ___ at the end of ______ to obtain a sharper contrast.
The projection demonstrates a lateral image of the entire length of the sternum without superimposition of the ___.
LATERAL STERNUM
Position the patient in a LEFT LATERAL position at the vertical grid with sternum centered to the midline of the grid.
A 72” SID is used to reduce MAGNIFICATION and DISTORTION of the sternum.
Place the upper edge of the IR 1-2 inches above the STERNUM.
Rotate the SHOULDER posteriorly and have the patient lock the hands behind the BACK.
Direct the CR through the MIDSTERNUM to the center of the IR.
Respiration is SUSPENDED at the end of DEEP INHALATION to obtain a sharper contrast.
The projection demonstrates a lateral image of the entire length of the sternum without superimposition of the RIBS.
