Ankle and Lower Leg Flashcards
Identify the anatomy of the ankle joint
Identify the anatomy of the ankle joint
Identify the radiographic anatomy of the ankle joint
Identify the radiographic anatomy of the ankle joint
The leg has two bones; the ___ and ___. The ___, the second largest bone in the body, is situated on the ___ side of the leg and is a ___ bone. The ___ does not bear any body weight.
The proximal end of the tibia has two prominent processes: the medial and lateral ___. The superior surfaces of the ___ form the smooth facets for articulation with the ___ of the femur.
The ___ terminates in two peaklike processes called the medial and lateral ___.
On the anterior surface of the tibia, just below the condyles, is a prominent process called the ____, to with the ligamentum patellae attach.
The distal ended of the tibia is broad, and its medial surface is prolonged into a large process called the ___. It’s anterolateral surface contains the ___, which overlays the fibula. The lateral surface is flattened and contains the triangular ___ for articulation with the fibula.
The leg has two bones; the TIBIA and FIBULA. The TIBIA, the second largest bone in the body, is situated on the MEDIAL side of the leg and is a WEIGHT-BEARING bone. The FIBULA does not bear any body weight.
The proximal end of the tibia has two prominent processes: the medial and lateral CONDYLES. The superior surfaces of the CONDYLES form the smooth facets for articulation with the CONDYLES of the femur.
The INTERCONDYLAR EMMINENCE terminates in two peaklike processes called the medial and lateral INTERCONDYLAR TUBERCLES.
On the anterior surface of the tibia, just below the condyles, is a prominent process called the TIBIAL TUBEROSITY, to with the ligamentum patellae attach.
The distal ended of the tibia is broad, and its medial surface is prolonged into a large process called the MEDIAL MALLEOLUS. It’s anterolateral surface contains the ANTERIOR TUBERCLE, which overlays the fibula. The lateral surface is flattened and contains the triangular FIBULAR NOTCHfor articulation with the fibula.
The fibula is slender compared with its length and consists of one ___ and two ___.
The proximal end of the fibula is expanded into a ___, which articulates with the lateral ___ of the tibia.
At the lateroposterior aspect of the head is a conic projection called the ___.
The enlarged distal end of the fibula is the ___.
The ____ is pyramidal and is marked by several depressions at its inferior and posterior surfaces.
The fibula is slender compared with its length and consists of one BODY and two ARTICULAR EXTREMITIES.
The proximal end of the fibula is expanded into a HEAD, which articulates with the lateral CONDYLE of the tibia.
At the lateroposterior aspect of the head is a conic projection called the APEX.
The enlarged distal end of the fibula is the LATERAL MALLEOLUS.
The LATERAL MALLEOLUS is pyramidal and is marked by several depressions at its inferior and posterior surfaces.
What are the routine projections, SID, and kVp of the ankle?
What are the routine projections, SID, and kVp of the ankle?
Projections = AP, AP oblique, and lateral
SID = 40”
kVp = 60 tabletop
Ankle - AP
Patient is in ___ position with the affected leg fully ___.
Place the IR under the ankle so that the ___ is in the center of the IR.
For a true AP projection, adjust the foot so that the toes are pointing ___ to place the ___ in the anatomic position. Flex the ankle to place the ___ surface of the foot ___ to the IR.
Direct CR through ___ at a point midway between the ___.
The AP demonstrates the ___, proximal ___, and the distal ___ and ___.
Ankle - AP
Patient is in SUPINE position with the affected leg fully EXTENDED.
Place the IR under the ankle so that the ANKLE JOINT is in the center of the IR.
For a true AP projection, adjust the foot so that the toes are pointing UPWARD to place the ANKLE JOINT in the anatomic position. Flex the ankle to place the PLANTAR surface of the foot PERPENDICULAR to the IR.
Direct CR through ANKLE JOINT at a point midway between the MALLEOLI.
The AP demonstrates the ANKLE JOINT, proximal TALUS, and the distal TIBIA and FIBULA.
Ankle - AP Oblique
From AP position, ___ rotate entire leg about ___° until the ___ are ___ to the IR.
This projection will demonstrate the ___ of the tibia and fibula, parts of which are often ___.
OR
AP Oblique - Mortise Joint
From the AP position, ___ rotate entire leg about ___°.
The entire ankle ___ should be visualized on the oblique view.
Ankle - AP Oblique
From AP position, MEDIALLY rotate entire leg about 45° until the MALLEOLI are PARALLEL to the IR.
This projection will demonstrate the DISTAL ENDS of the tibia and fibula, parts of which are often SUPERIMPOSED.
OR
AP Oblique - Mortise Joint
From the AP position, MEDIALLY rotate entire leg about 15-20°.
The entire ankle MORTISE JOINT should be visualized on the oblique view.
Ankle - Lateral
Have the patient turn toward the ___ side until the ankle is ___.
Place IR under the ankle so the ___ is in the center of the IR.
___ the foot to form a ___ angle to the tibia and fibula.
Direct CR through the ___.
The mediolateral view demonstrates the distal ___ and ___, ___, ___, and adjacent ___.
Ankle - Lateral
Have the patient turn toward the AFFECTED side until the ankle is PERFECTLY LATERAL.
Place IR under the ankle so the ANKLE is in the center of the IR.
FLEX the foot to form a RIGHT angle to the tibia and fibula.
Direct CR through the MEDIAL MALLEOLUS.
The mediolateral view demonstrates the distal TIBIA and FIBULA, TALUS, CALCANEUS, and adjacent TARSALS.
Ankle - Special Request - Stress Method
Stress studies of the ankle joint are obtained after an ___ or ___ injury to verify the presence of a ___. Routine projections of the ankle are taken first to rule out a ___.
Rupture of a ligament is demonstrated by ___ of the joint space on the side of the injury when the foot is forcibly turned toward ___.
Two AP ankle projections are taken for the stress method:
- An AP projection with ___ stress to demonstrate the ___ ligament.
- An AP projection with ___ stress to demonstrate the ___ ligament.
Ankle - Special Request - Stress Method
Stress studies of the ankle joint are obtained after an EVERSION or INVERSION injury to verify the presence of a LIGAMENT TEAR. Routine projections of the ankle are taken first to rule out a FRACTURE.
Rupture of a ligament is demonstrated by WIDENING of the joint space on the side of the injury when the foot is forcibly turned toward OPPOSITE SIDE.
Two AP ankle projections are taken for the stress method:
- An AP projection with INVERSION stress to demonstrate the LATERAL ligament.
- An AP projection with EVERSION stress to demonstrate the MEDIAL ligament.
Anatomy
Ligament = connective tissue that connects ___ to ___
Tendon = connective tissue that connects ___ to ___
Anatomy
Ligament = connective tissue that connects BONE to BONE
Tendon = connective tissue that connects MUSCLE to BONE
Identify the anatomy of the lower leg
Identify the anatomy of the lower leg
Identify the radiographic anatomy of the lower leg
Identify the radiographic anatomy of the lower leg
What are the routine projections, SID, and kVp of the tibia and fibula?
What are the routine projections, SID, and kVp of the tibia and fibula?
Projections = AP, and lateral
SID = 40”
kVp = 60 tabletop
Tibia and Fibula - AP
Patient is in ___ position with the lower leg centered on the cassette. The femoral ___ should be ___ with the IR and the foot should be ___ with the toes pointed ___ for a true AP position.
Direct the CR ___ to the midpoint of the leg.
Both the ___ and ___ joints must be included on this film.
If one is cut off, must do separate projection.
Tibia and Fibula - AP
Patient is in SUPINE position with the lower leg centered on the cassette. The femoral CONDYLES should be PARALLEL with the IR and the foot should be VERTICAL with the toes pointed UPWARD for a true AP position.
Direct the CR PERPENDICULAR to the midpoint of the leg.
Both the KNEE and ANKLE joints must be included on this film.
If one is cut off, must do separate projection.
Tibia and Fibula - Lateral
Have the patient roll toward affected side until both ___ and ___ joints are lateral
Adjust the rotation of the body so that the ___ is ___ to the IR and an imaginary line drawn through the ___ would also be ___.
Direct the CR ___ to the midpoint of the leg.
Both the ___ and ___ joints must be included on the film.
This projection demonstrates the entire tibia and fibula in a true lateral position, with the ___ of the ___.
Tibia and Fibula - Lateral
Have the patient roll toward affected side until both ANKLE and KNEE joints are lateral
Adjust the rotation of the body so that the PATELLA is PERPENDICULAR to the IR and an imaginary line drawn through the FEMORAL CONDYLES would also be PERPENDICULAR.
Direct the CR PERPENDICULAR to the midpoint of the leg.
Both the KNEE and ANKLE joints must be included on the film.
This projection demonstrates the entire tibia and fibula in a true lateral position, with the SUPERIMPOSITION of the FEMORAL CONDYLES.
