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Radiographic Procedures and Positioning > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What quadrants is the abdomen divided into?

A
  1. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  2. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
  3. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  4. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
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2
Q

What is located in the LUQ?

A

Stomach, spleen, left kidney

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3
Q

What is located in the LLQ?

A

Sections of colon and small intestines

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4
Q

What is located in the RUQ?

A

Liver, gallbladder, right kidney

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5
Q

What is located in the RLQ?

A

Cecum, appendix

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6
Q

Define cecum

A

Proximal large bowel

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7
Q

Define voluntary motion

A

Motion that can be controlled

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8
Q

What can cause voluntary motion?

A

Nervousness, fear, discomfort, age, mental illness, breathing

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9
Q

What can you do to control voluntary motion?

A

Give clear instructions and provide comfort to patient

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10
Q

Define involuntary motion

A

Motion that cannot be controlled

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11
Q

What can cause involuntary motion?

A

Heart pulsation, chills, pain, tremors, spasms, or peristalsis

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12
Q

What can you do to control involuntary motion?

A

Use a high mA station to get shortest exposure time

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13
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Muscle contractions that move food along digestive tract towards rectum

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14
Q

What are routine projections for an abdomen x-ray?

A

AP supine, AP upright

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15
Q

What is the SID for an abdomen x-ray?

A

40”

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16
Q

What must an abdomen x-ray include?

A

Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)

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17
Q

What is the KVP for a grid abdomen x-ray?

A

80 KVP

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18
Q

What does KUB stand for?

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder

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19
Q

In an AP supine abdomen/KUB, how is the patient positioned?

A

Patient supine with midsagittal plane of body centered to the grid

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20
Q

In an AP supine abdomen/KUB, where do you direct the central ray?

A

Perpendicular to IR at the level of the iliac crests

21
Q

2 AP projections may be needed depending on the patient’s…

A

Body habitus

22
Q

If 2 films are needed, how would you take the upper abdomen film?

A

By positioning the upper edge of the IR at the axillary region and directing the CR to the midpoint of the IR

23
Q

How would you take the lower abdomen film or for a bladder spot?

A

Position the lower edge of the IR just below the pubic symphysis and direct the CR to the IR

24
Q

Apply gonad shielding for examination of…

A

Male patients

25
Q

Exposure of the abdomen are taken on…

A

Expiration

26
Q

Why are abdomen x-rays taken on expiration?

A

Because peristalsis is least active and diaphragm moves to its most superior position to better visualize abdominal structures

27
Q

What areas of the body must be demonstrated on a film in order to include the kidneys, ureters, and bladder?

A

Entire area from pubic symphysis to the upper abdomen or diaphragm

28
Q

On an abdomen film, what should be in the center of the radiograph?

A

Vertebral column

29
Q

On an abdomen film, what should be visible on either side of the spine?

A

The psoas muscle

30
Q

How is a patient positioned for an AP upright abdomen?

A

Upright with back to the vertical grid and midsagittal plane of the body centered to the midline of the grid

31
Q

In an AP upright abdomen, how is the IR positioned?

A

Position the IR with the upper edge at the axillary region and direct the CR to the midpoint of IR

32
Q

Why must the entire diaphragm be included on the upright film?

A

To demonstrate free air in the peritoneal space

33
Q

In the upright position, where will free air rise to?

A

The level just beneath the diaphragm

34
Q

Besides free air, what else will an upright abdomen film demonstrate?

A

Air/fluid levels in bowel

35
Q

If a 2 view abdomen is requested on a patient that is unable to tolerate upright position, what is taken instead?

A

A left lateral decubitus

36
Q

How is the patient positioned for a left lateral decubitus abdomen film?

A

Patient is placed in a left lateral position with their arms above their head

37
Q

Why is the patient placed in a left lateral position?

A

Position will allow any free air to rise to the area under the right hemidiaphragm where it will not be superimposed by the gastric bubble (stomach on left side= left side down

38
Q

Why is it recommended to allow the patient to lie on their side for several minutes before doing a left later decubitus abdomen film?

A

To allow air to rise to its highest level

39
Q

Where do you place the IR in a left lateral decubitus?

A

Against the posterior surface so that the upper edge is at the level of the axillary region

40
Q

Where do you direct the CR when doing a left lateral decubitus?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR

41
Q

What will a left lateral decubitus film demonstrate?

A

Free air and air/fluid levels within the abdomen

42
Q

What is free air?

A

The escape of air from the GI tract through perforation or trauma

43
Q

How is the patient placed for a dorsal decubitus abdomen film?

A

Patient is supine with arms above their their head and their left or right side against IR

44
Q

Where is the IR placed when doing a dorsal decubitus abdomen x-ray?

A

IR is against patient’s side so that upper edge is at the left of the axillary region

45
Q

How is the CR directed during an abdomen dorsal decubitus?

A

CR is directed horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR, entering along the midcoronal plane

46
Q

What will a dorsal decubitus abdomen film demonstrate?

A

Air/fluid levels within the abdomen

47
Q

Where is the psoas muscle?

A
48
Q

What are the highlighted parts?

A

Radiographic Procedures and Positioning (22 decks)

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