Upper GI Anatomy

Question 1

mouth components

Answer 1

• lips (opening)
• tongue (floor)
• cheeks (walls)
• hard & soft palates (roof)
• uvula (posterior border)

Question 2

teeth

Answer 2

32

Question 3

maxilla

Answer 3

upper jaw / hard palate. where upper teeth are

Question 4

mandible

Answer 4

movable lower jaw, where lower teeth are

Question 5

types of teeth

Answer 5

1. incisors (8)
2. canines (4)
3. premolars (8)
4. molars (12)

Question 6

incisors

Answer 6

chisel shaped teeth

for biting

Question 7

canines

Answer 7

pointed teeth

for tearing

Question 8

premolars

Answer 8

increasingly flat teeth

for grinding

Question 9

molars

Answer 9

flat teeth

for crushing

Question 10

parts of tooth

Answer 10

1. crown - visible
2. neck - upper part of gums
3. root - in alveolar process of jaw bone
4. pulp cavity - center of tooth

Question 11

pulp cavity purpose

Answer 11

contains nerves & blood vessels

allows for sensation of heat, cold, pain

Question 12

teeth materials

Answer 12

1. dentin

2. enamel

Question 13

dentin

Answer 13

bone-like substance that makes up most of each tooth

Question 14

enamel

Answer 14

very hard connective tissue that protects the tooth at the surface of the crown

Question 15

tongue anatomy

Answer 15

muscle
attached to mouth floor via lingual frenulum (vertical mucous membrane)
covered in papillae (3 types) - raised bumps

Question 16

types of papillae

Answer 16

1. circumvallate
2. fungiform
3. filiform

Question 17

tastebuds

Answer 17

chemical receptors stimulated by chemical composition of food
located on circumvallate & fungiform papillae, also on mouth surface and pharynx wall

Question 18

pharynx

Answer 18

throat

connects mouth to esophagus

Question 19

sections of pharynx

Answer 19

1. nasopharynx (where air enters nasal cavity)
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Question 20

pharynx muscles

Answer 20

1. circumferential outer layer
2. inner longitudinal layer
   contract alternatively –> peristalsis to move food down to esophagus

Question 21

esophagus

Answer 21

extends from pharynx –> stomach via opening in diaphragm

muscular tube, 4 layers of tissue

Question 22

digestive tract tissues - esophagus to large int.

Answer 22

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. outermost: serosa

Question 23

mucosa

Answer 23

innermost gi tract tissue (lines the interior). secretes mucus into the interior of gi tract

Question 24

submucosa

Answer 24

2nd layer of gi tract tissue

contains:
- blood & lymph vessels
- lymph nodes
- nerves
- mucous glands

Question 25

muscularis externa

Answer 25

3rd. layer of gi tract tissue
contains 2 layers of muscle:
- outer longitudinal fibers
- inner circumferential fibers

Question 26

serosa

Answer 26

outermost layer of gi tract tissues

cells make serous fluid (reduced friction btwn organs)

Question 27

stomach shape

Answer 27

• backward c shaped organ

- 2 curvitures: lesser & greater

Question 28

stomach location

Answer 28

• along left side of abdomen
• below diaphragm
• covered by peritoneum

Question 29

greater curvature

Answer 29

convex

extends outward on longer side of stomach

Question 30

lesser curvature

Answer 30

concave

extends inward on shorter side of stomach

Question 31

peritoneum

Answer 31

serous membrane covering the stomach

divided into lesser & greater omentum

Question 32

lesser omentum

Answer 32

part of peritoneum that attaches lesser curvature to the liver

Question 33

greater omentum

Answer 33

• part of peritoneum that attaches greater curvature to posterior wall of abdomen
• hangs down like apron covering transverse colon & anterior small int.

Question 34

parts of stomach (4)

Answer 34

1. cardia: where food enters esophagus
2. fundus: dome shaped top of stomach (just under diaphragm)
3. body: wider mid-portion
4. pyloric region: final part of stomach before chyme –> small int.

Question 35

cardiac sphincter

Answer 35

how food enters into stomach from esophagus

also called lower esophageal sphincter

Question 36

rugae

Answer 36

folds w/in stomach wall that allow the stomach to expand & store food when full

Question 37

oblique layer of stomach

Answer 37

3rd (extra) muscular layer of stomach that allows for more efficient mixing of stomach contents