Upper GI Anatomy Flashcards
mouth components
- lips (opening)
- tongue (floor)
- cheeks (walls)
- hard & soft palates (roof)
- uvula (posterior border)
teeth
32
maxilla
upper jaw / hard palate. where upper teeth are
mandible
movable lower jaw, where lower teeth are
types of teeth
- incisors (8)
- canines (4)
- premolars (8)
- molars (12)
incisors
chisel shaped teeth
for biting
canines
pointed teeth
for tearing
premolars
increasingly flat teeth
for grinding
molars
flat teeth
for crushing
parts of tooth
- crown - visible
- neck - upper part of gums
- root - in alveolar process of jaw bone
- pulp cavity - center of tooth
pulp cavity purpose
contains nerves & blood vessels
allows for sensation of heat, cold, pain
teeth materials
- dentin
2. enamel
dentin
bone-like substance that makes up most of each tooth
enamel
very hard connective tissue that protects the tooth at the surface of the crown
tongue anatomy
muscle
attached to mouth floor via lingual frenulum (vertical mucous membrane)
covered in papillae (3 types) - raised bumps
types of papillae
- circumvallate
- fungiform
- filiform
tastebuds
chemical receptors stimulated by chemical composition of food
located on circumvallate & fungiform papillae, also on mouth surface and pharynx wall
pharynx
throat
connects mouth to esophagus
sections of pharynx
- nasopharynx (where air enters nasal cavity)
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
pharynx muscles
- circumferential outer layer
- inner longitudinal layer
contract alternatively –> peristalsis to move food down to esophagus
esophagus
extends from pharynx –> stomach via opening in diaphragm
muscular tube, 4 layers of tissue
digestive tract tissues - esophagus to large int.
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- outermost: serosa
mucosa
innermost gi tract tissue (lines the interior). secretes mucus into the interior of gi tract
submucosa
2nd layer of gi tract tissue
contains:
- blood & lymph vessels
- lymph nodes
- nerves
- mucous glands
muscularis externa
3rd. layer of gi tract tissue
contains 2 layers of muscle:
- outer longitudinal fibers
- inner circumferential fibers
serosa
outermost layer of gi tract tissues
cells make serous fluid (reduced friction btwn organs)
stomach shape
- backward c shaped organ
- 2 curvitures: lesser & greater
stomach location
- along left side of abdomen
- below diaphragm
- covered by peritoneum
greater curvature
convex
extends outward on longer side of stomach
lesser curvature
concave
extends inward on shorter side of stomach
peritoneum
serous membrane covering the stomach
divided into lesser & greater omentum
lesser omentum
part of peritoneum that attaches lesser curvature to the liver
greater omentum
- part of peritoneum that attaches greater curvature to posterior wall of abdomen
- hangs down like apron covering transverse colon & anterior small int.
parts of stomach (4)
- cardia: where food enters esophagus
- fundus: dome shaped top of stomach (just under diaphragm)
- body: wider mid-portion
- pyloric region: final part of stomach before chyme –> small int.
cardiac sphincter
how food enters into stomach from esophagus
also called lower esophageal sphincter
rugae
folds w/in stomach wall that allow the stomach to expand & store food when full
oblique layer of stomach
3rd (extra) muscular layer of stomach that allows for more efficient mixing of stomach contents
