Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

contents of axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, sternum, laryngeal skeleton, thoracic cage

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2
Q

bones in skull

A

22

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3
Q

parts of skull (3)

A
  1. cranium (contains sinuses)
  2. foramina
  3. facial bones
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4
Q

cranial bones (8)

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. parietal bones (2)
  3. occipital bone
  4. temporal bones (2)
  5. sphenoid bone
  6. ethmoid bone
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5
Q

foramen magnum

A

large opening in occipital bone where spinal cord connects to brainstem

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6
Q

sinuses

A

air spaces in cranial bones lined with mucous membrane

reduce weight of skull and give voice resonant sound

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7
Q

mastoid sinuses

A

drain to middle ear

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8
Q

carotid canal

A

opening in temporal bone for internal carotid artery

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9
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

part of temporal bone that allows for sound transmission

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10
Q

facial bones (14)

A
  1. Mandible (1)
  2. Maxillae (2)
  3. Zygomatic bones (2)
  4. Nasal bones (2)
  5. Palatine bones (2)
  6. Lacrimal bones (2)
  7. Volmer (1)
  8. Inferior nasal conchae (2)
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11
Q

middle & superior nasal conchae

A

formed from grooves of ethmoid bone

swirl air as goes thru nasal cavities to help warm it up

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12
Q

curvatures of vertebral column

A

provide more resilience/strength in upright posture

  1. cervical curve
  2. thoracic curve
  3. lumbar curve
  4. sacral curve
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13
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

7

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14
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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15
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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16
Q

sacrum

A

5 fused bones at base of spine, critical for pelvic stability

17
Q

coccyx

A

4-5 fused vertebrae, usually start fusing ~age 25

18
Q

parts of sternum (3)

A
  1. manibrum (superior)
  2. body (middle)
  3. xiphoid process (inferior)
19
Q

rib pairs

A

12

20
Q

spinous process

A

dorsal side of vertebra, can be palpated as bony projections along midline of neck and back

  • cervical vertebrae have long spinous process w/bifid tip (except C1)
  • thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous process that points inferiorly (doesn’t split)
  • lumbar vertebrae have shorter, broader, posterior facing spinal process
21
Q

vertebral body

A

most surface area of vertebra

  • small on cervical vert.
  • medium sized on thoracic vert w/facets for rib articulation
  • largest vertebral body on lumbar vert to support weight of head/neck/upper limbs
22
Q

articular facets of vertebrae

A

allow adjacent vert. to articulate with each other

23
Q

different transverse processes

A
  • cervical vert: have transverse foramina (openings) for the passage of the vertebral arteries & veins
  • thoracic vert: contain costal facets for rib articulation (except T11 + T12)
  • lumbar vert: shorter, no costal facets