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Anatomy/Physiology I > Anatomy of Integumentary System > Flashcards

Anatomy of Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

skin contains

A
  • 3 layers
  • skin cells that absorb ultraviolet radiation to produce Vitamin D
  • sensory organs
  • exocrine glands
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2
Q

3 layers of skin

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
  3. hypodermis (aka subcutaneous)
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3
Q

sensory organs

A
  1. merkel’s cells
  2. meissners corpuscles
  3. nociceptors
  4. pacinian corpuscles
  5. thermoreceptors
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4
Q

merkel’s cells

A
  • mechanoreceptors: detect light touch and vibration

- located in epidermis

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5
Q

meissner’s corpuscles

A
  • mechanoreceptors: detect light touch and vibration

- located in dermis

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6
Q

nociceptors

A
  • detect pain
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7
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A
  • detect pressure applied to skin

- located in dermis

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8
Q

thermoreceptors

A
  • detect hot and cold
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9
Q

exocrine glands

A
  • contain secretions that they release via ducts into epithelial surface/lining
  • most = multicellular
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10
Q

types of exocrine glands in skin (2)

A
  1. sebaceous glands

2. sweat glands

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11
Q

sebaceous glands

A
  • oil glands

- produce sebum (inhibits growth of harmful organisms keeps hair/skin from drying out)

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12
Q

sweat glands

A
  • sudiferous glands: produce sweat
  • secretory portion is located deep in dermis, long duct carries sweat to surface of skin
  • allow for thermoregulation of body via perspiration
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13
Q

epidermis - type of epithelium?

A
  • outer layer of skin
  • made of stratified squamous epithelium
  • avascular, gets blood supply/nutrients from basement membrane (basal lamina)
  • 4 distinct layers
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14
Q

stratified

A

layers

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15
Q

squamous

A

flat

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16
Q

basal lamina

A

basement membrane that epidermis is connected to, gives epidermis its blood supply

17
Q

4 layers of epidermis

A
  1. stratum corneum (dead bc so far from blood supply)
  2. stratum granulosum
  3. stratum spinosum
  4. stratum basale (connected to basement membrane)
18
Q

stratum basale (in depth)

A
  • cells constantly dividing to rebuild skin
  • those cells are pushed to the external surface until dead and slough off (via washing or friction)
  • takes ~ 30 days for cell to go from stratum basale to external surface of stratum corneum
  • then stays at stratum corneum for ~20 days before sloughs off
  • forms epidermal ridges (fingerprints)
19
Q

cells of epidermis (5)

A
  1. melanocytes
  2. langerhans cells
  3. merkel’s cells
  4. keratinocytes
  5. fibroblast cells
20
Q

langerhans cells

A
  • first line of defense for body
  • part of immune system
  • identify foreign microorganisms before enter bloodstream
21
Q

keratinocytes

A
  • produce keratin (protects exposed surfaces of skin)
22
Q

fibroblasts

A
  • produce collagen –> helps stick epidermis cells together, gives skin elasticity
23
Q

dermis cells/contents

A
  • sweat/oil glands
  • meissner + pacinian corpuscles
  • collagen and elastic fibers
24
Q

dermis

A
  • two regions: papillary (superficial) + reticular (deep)
  • higher water content than epidermis
  • skin’s main blood supply comes from reticular region of dermis (extensive network of blood vessels that branch off main arteries, supply nerves, hair follicles, and glands within skin)
25
Q

contusion

A
  • aka bruise
  • damage to one of the blood vessels in reticular region of dermis
  • color comes from blood leaking into dermis
26
Q

hypodermis

A
  • made up mostly of adipocytes (fat cells)
  • 2 layers: subcutaneous fat + subcutaneous tissue
  • helps anchor dermis to layer of fat cells
  • thick –> protects deeper tissues and organs from injury
27
Q

subcutaneous injection

A
  • meds/vaccine given deep to the dermis but superficial to muscle
  • absorbed more slowly than if given directly into vein
28
Q

dermatome

A
  • area of skin innervated by one sensory nerve
29
Q

innervation of skin

A
  • sensory signals go from skin –> spinal nerve –> spinal cord –> brain
  • all skin innervated by a spinal nerve except face (which is innervated by trigeminal branch of CN V)
30
Q

hair

A
  • 2 parts: root and shaft
  • made up of dead epidermal cells converted to keratin
  • stronger texture than skin cells
  • hair follicles each connected to smooth arrector pili muscle (contracts when body cold or emotional response)
  • follicles found throughout surface of skin, sensitive to hormones
31
Q

root of hair

A
  • located in dermis layer
  • begins at hair bulb (which provides blood + nerve supply)
  • contains subaceous gland to hydrate hair w/oil
32
Q

shaft of hair

A

extends through epidermis to external surface of skin

33
Q

nails

A
  • dead epidermal cells, converted to keratin at nail root

- then pushed towards external surface in direction of nail body

34
Q

cuticle

A
  • stratum corneum covering nail root
35
Q

lunula

A
  • visible portion of nail bed near root

Anatomy/Physiology I (39 decks)

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