Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

pectoral girdle & upper limbs specialized for:

Answer 1

flexibility and increased range of motion

Question 2

pelvic girdle & lower limbs specialized for:

Answer 2

strength

Question 3

bones of pectoral girdle (4)

Answer 3

1. clavicles (2) - collarbones

2. scapulae (2) - shoulder bones, freely movable

Question 4

coracoid process

Answer 4

projection from scapula for muscular attachment

Question 5

humerus

Answer 5

single long bone in upper arm

Question 6

glenoid cavity

Answer 6

where humerus fits into socket of scapula

Question 7

humerus held in by:

Answer 7

rotator cuff muscles & other ligaments

Question 8

parts of humerus (7)

Answer 8

1. head
2. neck
3. shaft
4. capitulum
5. trochlea
6. medial epicondyle
7. lateral epicondyle

Question 9

capitulum

Answer 9

part of humerus, articulates w/small part of radius at the elbow

Question 10

trochlea

Answer 10

part of humerus, articulates w/ulna at elbow

Question 11

radius & ulna

Answer 11

lower arm bones, parallel in anatomical position, allow for easy twisting (pronation) of forearm

Question 12

interosseous membrane

Answer 12

space btwn radius & ulna

Question 13

olecranon process of ulna

Answer 13

bone palpated at posterior of elbow

Question 14

wrist

Answer 14

composed of 8 carpal bones

Question 15

proximal row of carpal bones

Answer 15

scaphoid - lunate - triquetral - pisiform

Question 16

distal row of carpal bones

Answer 16

trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate

Question 17

hand bones

Answer 17

1. metacarpals (5)

2. phalanges

Question 18

thumb phalanges

Answer 18

2 - proximal & distal

Question 19

finger phalanges

Answer 19

3 - proximal, intermediate, & distal

Question 20

coxal bones (2)

Answer 20

together = pelvic girdle
anchored posteriorly to sacrum by many ligaments
each made up of 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 21

ilium

Answer 21

most superior of 3 fused bones of coxal bones

palpated on lateral sides of hips

Question 22

ischium

Answer 22

posterior sit bones

felt when sitting upright

Question 23

pubis

Answer 23

forms anterior center of coxal bones, connected by pubic symphysis

Question 24

ASIS

Answer 24

anterior superior iliac spine - bone landmark of pelvic girdle on anterior portion of ilium

Question 25

AIIS

Answer 25

anterior inferior iliac spine - bone landmark of pelvic girdle on anterior portion of ilium

Question 26

different pelvic girdles in men & women

Answer 26

men –> circle shaped pubic brim

women –> oval shaped pubic brim, wider pubic arch

Question 27

Femur

Answer 27

largest, longest single bone in body

Question 28

acetabulum

Answer 28

hip joint - where head of femur articulates w/pelvic girdle

Question 29

patella

Answer 29

sits anteriorly to femur

formed within quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 30

tibia

Answer 30

medial lower leg bone, larger than fibula

Question 31

fibula

Answer 31

lateral lower leg bone

Question 32

medial malleolus

Answer 32

prominence of tibia that contributes to medial side of ankle

Question 33

lateral malleolus

Answer 33

prominence of fibula that contributes to lateral side of ankle

Question 34

ankle bones

Answer 34

7 tarsals:

medial cuneiform - intermediate cuneiform - lateral cuneiform - navicular - cuboid - talus - calcaneus

Question 35

foot bones

Answer 35

1. metatarsals (5)

2. phalanges (5)

Question 36

hallux

Answer 36

great toe (1st metatarsal)

Question 37

hallux phalanges

Answer 37

2 - distal & proximal phalanx

Question 38

phalanges on rest of toes

Answer 38

3 - distal, intermediate, proximal phalanges

Question 39

arches

Answer 39

longitudinal (heel –> toes) and transverse (across foot)
formed by metatarsal bones
provide stable, springy base for body