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Anatomy > Upper extremity joint > Flashcards

Upper extremity joint Flashcards

1
Q

What is a saddle type of synovial joint but functions as a ball and joint socket, with the only articulation being between the upper limb and the axial skeleton?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

What does the sternoclavicular joint articulate with?

A

manubrium and 1st costal cartilage

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3
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint supplied by?

A

internal thoracic + suprascapular arteries

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4
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

branches of the medial supraclavicular nerve + nerve to the subclavius

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5
Q

What is a plane-type joint with the acromial end of the clavicle articulating with the acromion as the scapula?

A

acromioclavicular joint

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6
Q

What’s the vasculature and nerve for the acromioclavicular joint?

A

suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries
lateral pectoral and axillary nerves

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7
Q

What is Hilton’s Law?

A

joint is innervated by nerves supplying the muscles that act on the joint

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8
Q

What’s a ball and socket type joint where the humeral head articulates w/ the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

A

glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

Can shoulder separation occur w/o rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

no

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10
Q

What’s the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint?

A

attached medially to the margin of glenoid cavity and laterally to anatomical neck of humerus; encloses long head of biceps brachii to supraglenoid tubercle of scapula - consider injury can affect biceps

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11
Q

What are the two aperatures of the GH joint?

A

1) opening between tubercles of humerus (passage of biceps brachii long head tendon)
2) opening anterior and inferior to coracoid process (allows communication)

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12
Q

T/F: the head of the humerus is much larger than the socket

A

true

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13
Q

What’s the rim of the GH joint?

A

glenoid labrum - deepens the socket by up to 50%

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14
Q

What are the ligaments of the GH joint?

A

glenohumeral ligament - 3 fibrous bands, reinforces capsule
Corachohumeral ligament - holds tendon of biceps brachii in place

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15
Q

What is the coracoarcomial arch?

A

protective structure between acromion and coracoid process w/ coracoacromial ligament

ligament is a protective arch overlying humeral head

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16
Q

What is the vasculature and nerve innervation of the GH joint?

A

arterial supply - anterior and posterior circumflex humeral, suprascapular artery
nerve: axillary, suprascapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerves

17
Q

What’s SITS?

A

S - supraspinatus
I - infraspinatus
T - teres minor
S - subscapularis

18
Q

What’s the weakest point?

A

inferior

19
Q

What’s most often injured of SITS?

A

supraspinatus

20
Q

What are the ligaments around the radioulnar joint?

A
  • annular ligament (U shaped, surrounds radius head)
  • quadrate ligament (attached to inferior border of radial notch on the ulna and neck of radius)
  • radial collateral ligament (lateral epicondyle to annular ligament)
  • ulnar collateral ligament (medial epicondyle to coronoid process anteriorly and olecranon posteriorly)
21
Q

What is the difference in the radial head in children vs adults?

A

children - small radio head, easy to dislocate
adult - annular ligament rupture if dislocated

22
Q

What’s a synovial hinge joint that is highly constrained and intolerant and trochlea and capitulum of humerus articulate w/ trochlear notch of the ulna and w/ head of radius?

A

elbow

23
Q

What nerves make up the superior nerve of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

24
Q

What nerves make up the middle nerve of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

25
Q

What nerves make up the inferior nerve of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

26
Q

What two nerves of the brachial plexus combine to make the lateral nerve?

A

superior and middle - C5, C6, C7

27
Q

What three nerves of the brachial plexus combine to make the posterior nerve?

A

all three - C5, C6, C7, C8

28
Q

How is the radial nerve innervated?

A

C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

29
Q

How is the axillary nerve innervated?

A

C5, 6

30
Q

How is the median nerve innervated?

A

C6, 7, 8, T1

31
Q

How is the ulnar nerve mediated?

A

C7,, 8, T1

Anatomy (19 decks)

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