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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Where do you put a chest tube?

A

Midclavicular line + nipple line (5th intercostal space) + mid-axillary line

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2
Q

Where is the point of max intensity?

A

5th intercostal space on the left side to listen to heart

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3
Q

What is the composition of the female breast?

A

glandular tissue made up of lobes (15-20) made up of smaller structures of lobules where milk is produced…drains into lactiferous ducts independently onto the nipple

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4
Q

The most important part of the breast exam is the _______ portion

A

axilla

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply of the breast?

A

axillary artery –> lateral thoracic artery –> lateral mammary arteries
right common carotid –>internal thoracic artery –> medial mammary arteries

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5
Q

What is the major drainage area of the breast?

A

axillary area, as well as along arteries in the medial region

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6
Q

Where is the most common location of breast cancer?

A

upper left quadrant is 60% and goes clockwise from there

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7
Q

What are signs of breast cancer??

A

abnormal bumps, dimpling, nipple retraction, masses

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8
Q

What does the thoracic cage consist of?

A

Sternum-> manubrium, body, xiphoid process
12 ribs, thoracic vertebrae

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9
Q

Where is the sternal notch?

A

T2 & T3

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10
Q

Where is the sternal angle?

A

T4 & T5

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11
Q

Where is the xiphoid process?

A

T8 & T9

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12
Q

What is important about the costal groove?

A

where nerve, vein, and artery are located and essential to avoid in bedside procedures

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13
Q

What is special about the costal angle?

A

Most common location for fracture

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14
Q

How do nerves run?

A

with arteries

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15
Q

What coincides with any articulations?

A

Joints and ligaments

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16
Q

What is unique about how the rib articulates with the spine?

A

articulates between two vertebrae

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17
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

repetitive motions of arm that cause pinching and compression of nerves and arteries. Common in women, trauma, can have a cervical rib… can remove this rib, PT, NSAIDS, change activity

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18
Q

What are accessory muscles of respiration?

A

sternocleidomastoid and scalenes

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19
Q

What are principal muscles of respiration?

A

external intercostals, diaphragm, internal intercostals*

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20
Q

What are muscles of expiration?

A

internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominus

21
Q

What muscle elevates the sternum?

A

sternocleidomastoid

22
Q

What muscle elevates and fixes upper ribs?

A

scalenes

23
Q

What muscle elevates ribs the width of thoracic cavity?

A

external intercostals

24
Q

What muscle descends for inspiration and rises for expiration?

A

diaphram

25
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphram?

A

phrenic nerves C3, C4, C5 voluntary and involuntary

26
Q

Where is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10, diaphram

27
Q

What does the esophageal hiatus consist of?

A

esophagus, vagus nerves, esophageal arteries

28
Q

Where is the vena caval foramen?

A

T8

29
Q

What does the vena caval foramen consist of?

A

inferior vena cava, right phrenic nerve

30
Q

Where is the aortic hiatus?

A

T12

31
Q

What does the aortic hiatus consist of?

A

aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct

32
Q

What does the internal thoracic arteries converge and become?

A

epigastric arteries

33
Q

What is the arterial supply for the ribs?

A

internal thoracics on both sides –> intercostal arteries

34
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ribcage?

A

Azygos on the right side, hemiazygous + accessory on left that drain into the azygous . follows arterial supply

35
Q

What does the superior thoracic aperture consist of?

A

esophagus, trachea, common carotid and subclavian arteries, internal jugular and subclavian veins

36
Q

What does the inferior thoracic aperture consist of?

A

large and expandable diaphragm

37
Q

What does the pectoralis major muscle do?

A

flexion, adduction, medial rotation

38
Q

How is the pectoralis major innervated?

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

39
Q

Where does the pectoralis major attach?

A

sternum/clavicle and proximal humeral shaft

40
Q

What does the pectoralis minor do?

A

scapular stabilization, some protraction

41
Q

Where is the pectoralis minor?

A

under pec major, ribs, scapula

42
Q

What innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

43
Q

What are the attachments of the subclavius muscle?

A

1st rib, middle 1/3 of clavicle, behind pec major

44
Q

What is the innervation of the subclavius muscle?

A

subclavian nerve

45
Q

What does the subclavius muscle do?

A

anchors clavicle during movement of shoulder and arm

46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

O: upper 8 or 9 ribs
I: vertebral border of scapula

47
Q

What does the serratus anterior do?

A

draws scapula forward and up, abducts scapula and rotates it, stabilizes vertebral border of scapula

48
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)

49
Q

What supplies the serratus anterior?

A

circumflex scapular artery

Anatomy (19 decks)

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