Skin Flashcards
What is the top layer of the skin?
Epidermis
What components make up the epidermis?
Melanocytes, keratinocytes, papillary ridges. 10-30 layers of epithelial cells
What’s the second layer of the skin?
Dermis
What components make up the dermis?
Hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles, hair, nails
What type of sweat glands are there?
Eccrine - heat regulations
Aprocrine - puberty, anxiety (smelly hehe)
Sebaceous - everywhere secreting oil
What are mechanoreceptors?
respond to MECHANICAL stimuli, stroking, stretching, vibration on skin
What are thermoreceptors?
respond to hot or cold temperature
What are chemoreceptors?
Responding to certain types of chemicals
What are nocireceptors?
Responding to experience of pain
What do pacinian corpuscles detect?
detect transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations
What do Merkel’s disks detect?
Respond to light pressure
What do Ruffini corpuscles detect?
stretch
What are dermatomes?
Specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve. Shingles only goes along one dermatome (interesting).
What dermatome is most common for back pain?
L4, L5
What dermatome is your nipples?
T4
What dermatome is your clavicles?
C5
What dermatome is your perinieum?
S2, 3, 4
What dermatome is your belly button?
T10
Where is T11 dermatome?
Below your belly button
Where is your L5 dermatome?
right on your tailbone, a bit above
What is the deepest layer of skin?
Hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue
What does subcutaneous tissue consist of?
Adipose tissue, subcutaneous tissue, deep fascia (divides limbs into compartments)
Where do you do subq injections?
Stomach, outer thighs, outer upper arms, back middle (avoiding spine)
What are tendons, aponeuroses, fascia, superficial fascia?
t- white cords, fibrous tissue, made of collagen
a-flat or ribbon shaped tendons
f- laminae, found in all regions, invest structures
sf-below integument, connects skin with deep fascia
How do you suture?
Along tension lines
What is the most important skin layer to heal?
The dermis b/c of the healing elements such as the blood supply and extracellular matrix necessary for healing
What are the zones of burns?
zone of hyperemia (recover), stasis (unsure), coagulation (death)
What happens to your body when severely burned?
Vasodilation, system hypotension, end organ hypoperfusion, bronchoconstriction (distress sometimes), rapid metabolic rate, down regulation of immune response (serious infection risk)
What is a first degree burn?
Epidermal layer pink, painful, edematous, heals 3-5 days w/o scarring
from sun, flame, flash
What is a superficial second degree burn?
Epidermis and papillary region of dermis, blisters, bullae, serous fluid, cherry red moist, painful, edematous. Heals in 7-28 days
causes: flame, flash, scald, contact
What is a deep second degree burn?
Epidermis and reticular region of dermis with blisters, bullae, serous fluid, pale ivory moist, painful, sensation, edematous, heals in 7-28 days with variable scarring
cause: flame, flash, scald, contact
What is third degree full thickness burns?
Extends into subcutaneous tissue, white yellow brown leathery appearance, loss of elasticity, marked edema, painless to touch, requires grafting
causes: electricity, flame, chemicals, prolonged exposure
What is a fourth degree burn?
extends to muscle, loss of function, black, charred appearance, maybe amputation
causes: very long exposure to flame, chemicals, and high voltage
Rule of nines?
Head, chest, abdomen, upper back, lower back, front L leg, back L leg, front R leg, back R leg, L arm, R arm
all 9%
How do you manage burns?
- fluid resuscitation to further tissue damage, increases cardiac output, preventing end organ damage
- airway management
What is the Parkland formula?
guideline for fluid resuscitation
V=4kg% burned, 1/2 given over first 8 hours, 1/2 given over next 16 hours
