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Anatomy > Abdominal viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sympathetic innervation nerves?

A

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves: greater, lesser, least, and lumbar

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2
Q

What does the greater nerve supply?

A

T5-T9 liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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3
Q

What does the lesser nerve supply?

A

T11-T12, adrenal, kidneys, gonads, ascending colon, some small intestine

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4
Q

What does the least nerve supply?

A

T12, directly to adrenal gland

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5
Q

What does the lumbar nerve supply?

A

L1-L3, descending colon

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6
Q

What are the parasympathetic innervations?

A

CN X- vagus nerve, sacral nerves
reminder: parasympathetic = long pre-ganglion

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7
Q

What’s the blood supply for the abdomen?

A

aorta and 3 large branches: 1) celiac 2) superior mesenteric 3) inferior mesenteric

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8
Q

What is splanchnic circulation?

A

blood flow to abdominal gastrointestinal organs including stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine

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9
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery
review this slide and the anatomy of the vessels in the body

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10
Q

What are the four major branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

1) inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
2) middle colic arteries (intestines!)
3) right colic artery
4) ileocolic artery

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11
Q

What are the three main branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

1) left colic artery
2) sigmoid branches
3) superior rectal artery

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12
Q

how does the inferior mesenteric artery function?

A

branches at L3 between renal arteries and iliac bifurcation and forms a watershed to the final 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, and upper rectum

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13
Q

What are the layers of the digestive tract?

A

peritoneum –> 2 layers of smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal) –> submucosa (blood, nerves, lymphatics) –> mucosa

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14
Q

What are characteristics of the abdominal esophagus?

A

2.5cm in length, entering stomach at cardiac hiatus and measured from incisors 23cm from aortic arch 25cm from left bronchus

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15
Q

What is the Z line?

A

junction between squamous epithelium and gastric columnar epithelium (1cm below sphincter proximal border)

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16
Q

What are the sphincters of the stomach?

A

upper esophageal sphincter located at lower end of pharynx and guards the entrance into esophagous;
lower esophageal sphincter preventing reflux but can cause GERD

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17
Q

What’s the most common spot for ulcers?

A

lesser curvature due to much less rugae

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18
Q

What does it mean when there are ulcers in the greater curvature?

A

malignant most likely

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19
Q

What’s the function of the stomach?

A

acidic and mechanical digestion

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20
Q

What are the different parts of the stomach?

A

fundus, cardia, body, curvatures, pyloric region

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21
Q

What’s the rugae’s job?

A

permit distention after food is ingested

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22
Q

What does pylorus do?

A

control discharge of stomach contents through the pyloric orifice into duodenum

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23
Q

What’s the gastric canal?

A

passageway when stomach is relaxed

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24
Q

Where does most gastric content travel?

A

lesser curvature

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25
Q

What’s special about the stomach and its blood supply?

A

IT’s supplied by all THREE main branches of the celiac trunk - splenic, common hepatic, and left gastric

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26
Q

What does the small intestine consist of?

A

duodenum -> jejunum -> ileum
d- 25cm
j&i together about 6-7m

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27
Q

Where is the duodenum?

A

retroperitoneal except the 1st 2.5 cm connecting to stomach

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28
Q

What are the four parts of the duodenum?

A

superior (5cm), descending (7-10cm), inferior (6-8cm) and ascending (5cm)
note that this goes around the pancreas and has a lot of vessels, thus introducing how pancreatic cancer can have a big role in a lot of abdominal parts

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29
Q

What’s the duodenum arterial supply?

A

celiac trunk: gastroduodenal artery and branch superior pancreaticoduodenal artery,
superior mesenteric artery: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery branch

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30
Q

What’s the venous drainage of the duodenum?

A

duodenal veins that drain into the hepatic portal vein

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31
Q

What are the differences between the jejunum and ileum?

A

j - thicker walled, mesentery (less fat) and arcade formation of artery branches. Pilcae circulares more prominent
i - patches of lymphoid tissue called Peyer’s patches and more arcade forming blood supply

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32
Q

What’s the blood supply/drainage of jejunum/ileum?

A

superior mesenteric artery with arterial arcades and vasa recta
and
superior mesenteric vein which meets splenic vein = hepatic portal vein

33
Q

What does the large intestine consist of?

A

appendix, cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

34
Q

What are distinguishing features of the large intestine?

A

tineae coli (muscle bands), haustra (pouches), omental appendices (fat hanging off the intestine), size

35
Q

What is the cecum/appendix?

A

blind sac at lower end of ascending colon and joins ileum at ileocecal valve and prevents reflux

36
Q

How is the appendix positioned?

A

usually retrocecal

37
Q

What’s the supply of the ileum/cecum?

A

ileocolic artery, drained by ileocolic vein

38
Q

REFRESH FROM CLIN SKILLS! What are clinical signs of appendicitis?

A

Rovsing sign
Psoas sign
Obturator sign
McBurney’s point tenderness
rebound tenderness

39
Q

What are symptoms of appendicitis?

A

low grade fever, constipation or diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

40
Q

What are the four parts of the colon?

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

41
Q

What is the blood supply of the colon?

A

branches of the superior mesenteric - ileocolic, middle colic, right colic
branches of inferior mesenteric - left colic, sigmoid
anastomoses throughout the colon with each other

42
Q

What’s the drainage of the colon?

A

ileocolic and right colic veins

43
Q

What arteries supply the ascending colon?

A

ileocolic, right colic artery, middle colic artery

44
Q

What arteries supply the transverse colon?

A

middle colic artery, marginal artery

45
Q

What arteries supply the descending colon

A

left colic, inferior mesenteric, superior sigmoid, sigmoid arteries

46
Q

What is diverticulosis?

A

common in elderly where there are pockets in colon where things get stuck and often require an ostomy

47
Q

What is the liver?

A

largest gland in the body

48
Q

What does the liver do?

A

receives breakdown products from small intestine (portal vein), excretion of breakdown from hemoglobin in form of bile pigments, secretion of bile for digestion and absorption of fats

49
Q

What are the different vessels coming out of the liver that we need to know the anatomy of (note to review the slide!!!!!)?

A

inferior vena cava, portal vein, proper hepatic artery (right branch),proper hepatic artery (left branch) to combine to make the proper hepatic artery and the bile duct and right hepatic duct with the gallbladder

50
Q

What are the different lobes of the liver?

A

caudate lobe, left lobe, right lobe, quadrate lobe

51
Q

What’s the liver’s supply/drainage?

A

hepatic portal vein (POORLY oxygenated blood from abdomen of GI tract) and hepatic artery (well-oxygenated blood)
drainage: hepatic veins

52
Q

What’s the gallbladder for?

A

storage and concentration of bile (digesting fats!) from the liver

53
Q

What does the cystic duct do?

A

attaches the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

54
Q

Where does the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct drain?

A

duodenum

55
Q

What does the left and right hepatic ducts drain into?

A

left and right liver lobes respectively

56
Q

What does the union of the left and right hepatic ducts make?

A

common hepatic duct

57
Q

When you are in an interdigestive period, where does the bile in your liver go?

A

bile stored in GALLBLADDER - sphincter of Oddi contracted

58
Q

When you are in a digestive period, where does the bile in your liver go?

A

bile released into duodenum, sphincter of Oddi RELAXED

59
Q

What parts are there of the pancreas?

A

head, body, and tail

60
Q

What’s the supply and drainage of the pancreas?

A

splenic artery, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (gastroduodenal), inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from SMA

61
Q

What’s the portal venous system?

A

system of veins that drains body FIRST TO ORGAN then to SYSTEMIC VENOUS SYSTEM

62
Q

What are veins that drain into the portal vein?

A

Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, splenic vein

63
Q

What makes up the hepatic portal vein?

A

superior mesenteric and splenic veins

64
Q

What does portal HTN mean?

A

blood is forced to avoid the liver and go without filtration

65
Q

What’s the sign of esophageal varices?

A

black and tarry stools

66
Q

What is the spleen?

A

lymphatic organ about 12cm long, 7cm wide around 9-11th ribs, bleeds profusely

67
Q

How is the spleen attached?

A

gastrosplenic ligament to stomach, lienorenal ligament to left kidney

68
Q

What’s the blood supply and drainage of the spleen?

A

splenic artery, splenic vein –> portal vein

69
Q

What are the two basic types of tissue in the spleen?

A

white pulp - immune system, WBCs, antibodies
red pulp - filtering the blood

70
Q

What are the kidneys?

A

retroperitoneal on posterior abdominal wall separated from vertebral column by psoas muscle; keeping homeostasis, eliminating waste, producing erythropoietin

71
Q

What is the kidney made up of?

A

cortex (outer portion) with glomeruli, convulted tubules, cortical collecting ducts, and the medulla (inner portion), with loops of Henle, medullary collecting ducts, blood vessels

72
Q

How does urine flow?

A

minor calyces to renal pelvis to ureter to urinary bladder with active peristaltic contractions

73
Q

How are the kidneys supplied?

A

renal artery at L1/L2 divided into 5 segmental arteries terminating at segments of each kidney

74
Q

How are the ureters supplied?

A

renal artery, testicular/ovarian, aorta

75
Q

What are the suprarenal glands?

A

on top of kidneys with cortex - corticosteroids, androgens and medulla - epi and nore

76
Q

Where does the epigastric/hypochondriac quadrants end?

A

L3

77
Q

Where does the umbilical/lumbar quadrants end?

A

L5

78
Q

If you take the spleen out, what vaccines do you need to get?

A

meningitis, pneumonia, h flu

Anatomy (19 decks)

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