Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Upper extremity > Flashcards

Upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overlying term of: scapula and clavicles connected to manubrium, connected only anteriorly to the axial skeleton via the sternum?

A

pectoral girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four segments of the upper extremity?

A

shoulder, arm, forearm, hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two joints does the clavicle interact with?

A

sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular (helps w/ stability & motion of shoulder joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the passage between the neck and arm that provides protection for neovascular bundle supplying the upper limb?

A

cervicoaxillary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone of the pectoral girdle?

A

clavicle – indirect force transmitted from an outstretched hand

weakest = middle and lateral thirds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What ligament prevents dislocation of the AC joint with a clavicle fracture?

A

coracoclavicular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What ribs does the scapula overlie?

A

2-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the scapula?

A
  • connects upper limb to trunk
  • attachment for muscles
  • stabilizes/assists shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What provides the base from which the upper limb operates?

A

scapulothoracic joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s between the tubercles for the attachment of the biceps brachii?

A

biciptal groove “intertubercular sulcus”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the glenohumeral joint attach to the humerus?

A

anatomical neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the brachialis, pronator teres, and medial head of triceps brachii attach?

A

medial supracondylar ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the triceps brachii, brachoradialis, and extensor radialis longus attach?

A

lateral supracondylar ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerve is in direct contact with the surgical neck?

A

axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve is in direct contact with the radial groove?

A

radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nerve is in direct contact with the distal end of the humerus?

A

median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve is in direct contact with the medial epicondyle?

A

ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the main stabilizing bone of the arm?

A

ulna

articulation w/ the humerus primarily allows flexion and extension of elbow joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What runs obliquely between the radius and ulna to transmit forces recieved by the radius via the hand to the ulna and then to the humerus?

A

interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many wrist bones are there?

A

8 in rows of 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

So Long to the Pinky, Here Comes the Thumb

A

Scaphoid - Lunate - Triquetrum - Pisiform, - Hamate - Capitate - Trapezoid - Trapezium

proximal to distal
going in a circle starting at pinky area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What forms the skeleton between the palm and carpus and phalanges?

A

metacarpus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What digit does NOT have 3 phalanges?

A

thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What fascia covers the deltopectoral groove where the cephalic vein travels?

A

pectoral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What fascia encloses the pectoralis and subclavius and is pierced by the cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, and lateral pectoral nerve?

A

costocoracoid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What fascia is attached to the clavicle, subclavius muscle, costocoracoid membrane, pectoralis minor muscle, continuous w/ axillary fascia, and the suspensory ligament of the axilla?

A

clavipectoral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What fascia attaches to the spine of the scapula, the acromion process, and infraspinatus fascia as well as anteriorly, the clavicle, the pectoral fascia, and fascia of the arm?

A

deltoid fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What fascia encloses the arm and attaches to the epicondyles of the humerus and olecranon of the ulna and contains intermuscular septa?

A

brachial fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two septas of the brachial fascia?

A

anterior (flexors) and posterior (extensors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the antebrachial fascia thicken and form at the posterior ends of the radius and ulna?

A

extensor retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does the antebrachial fascia thicken and form anteriorly?

A

palmar carpal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

deep fascia over the wrist, does NOT attach to the ulna, and underneath: extensor digitorum, indicis, digiti minimi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

transverse carpal ligament – deeper and distal to extensor

Carpal tunnel - flexor tendons and median nerve pass through!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the boundaries of the carpal tunnel?

A

carpal bones and flexor retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the contents of the carpel tunnel?

A

nine tendons: flexor pollicis longus, 4 flexor digitorum superficialis, 4 flexor digitorum profundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where is most of the upper limb innervated?

A

brachial plexus - C5-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where is most of the shoulder innervated?

A

cervical plexus C1-C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the superficial veins of the arm?

A

axillary vein, cephalic vein, median cubital vein, basilic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the deep veins of the arm?

A

brachial, radial, ulnar, deep palmar venous arch, superficial venous arch
“venae comitantes”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What’s the lymphatic drainage of the arm?

A

subcutaneous tissue – superficial lymph nodes
bones and joint capsules – deep lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What receives lymph from the anterior thoracic wall, most of the breast?

A

pectoral lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What recieves lymph from the posterior thoracic wall and scapular region?

A

subscapular lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What receives lymph from most of the upper limb?

A

humeral

44
Q

What receives lymph from deep to the pec minor?

A

central

45
Q

What receives lymph from all other groups and cephalic vein?

A

apical

46
Q

What provides a passageway for neurovascular structures?

A

axilla

47
Q

What does the axilla contain?

A

axilla artery, vein, tributaries, lymphatics, lymph nodes, brachial plexus, axillary sheath surrounding neovascular bundle

48
Q

Where does the axillary artery end?

A

teres major

49
Q

What are the 3 parts of the axillary artery?

A

1st - 1st rib and medial border of pectoralis minor (superior thoracic artery)

2nd - posterior to pec minor (thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries)

3rd - lateral border of pec minor to inferior border of the teres major (subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral and posterior circumflex humeral)

50
Q

What forms the axillary vein?

A

brachial vein and basilic vein union at the inferior border of the teres major, that ends at lateral border of 1st rib where it becomes the subclavian vein

51
Q

What does the axillary vein receive drainage from?

A

thoracoepigastric veins with superficial veins from inguinal region with tributaries of axillary vein – collateral route that enables venous return in the presence of obstruction

52
Q

Where is a central line placed?

A

subclavian vein as it crosses the 1st rib

53
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

branches arise in axilla after it crossed the 1st rib, formed by union of anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1

54
Q

Where do the brachial roots usually pass through?

A

between anterior and middle scalene with the subclavian artery – they unite to form three trunks

55
Q

What are three trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

superior – union of C5 and C6
middle – continuation of C7
Inferior – union of C8 and T1

56
Q

What unites to form the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

superior and middle trunks

57
Q

What does the anterior division of the inferior trunk continue as?

A

medial cord

58
Q

What does the middle division and pieces of all three trunks unite to form?

A

posterior cord

59
Q

What are muscles that receive motor innervation from a spinal nerve?

A

myotomes

60
Q

What movement does C5 innervate?

A

lateral rotation, arm abduction, arm flexion

61
Q

What movement does C6-C8?

A

arm extension, arm adduction, medial rotation

62
Q

What movement does C5-C6 innervate?

A

elbow flexion

63
Q

What movement does C6-C7 innervate?

A

elbow extension, wrist extension and flexion

64
Q

What movement does C6 innervate?

A

supination

65
Q

What does C7-C8 innervate?

A

pronation, digital flexion and extension

66
Q

What does T1 innervate?

A

abduction and adduction of the fingers

67
Q

What damage can be done with excess increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder like being thrown from a motorcycle?

A

C5 and C6 tears roots of plexus – abducted shoulder, medially rotated, extended elbow

68
Q

How does acute neuritis present?

A

sudden onset of pain, usually right shoulder, begins at night

69
Q

What does prolonged hyperabduction during over the head manual tasks cause?

A

cord compression between coracoid process and pec, minor tendon. Pain radiating down the arm, tingling, weakness of the hand

70
Q

What’s less common in cervical injuries?

A

inferior damage caused by sudden superior pulling, C8 and T1

71
Q

What’s the main arterial supply to the arm?

A

brachial artery, continuation of the axillary artery -
begins at inferior border of teres major and ends in cubital fossa opposite neck of radius –> radial and ulnar

72
Q

What’s the deep artery of the arm?

A

profunda brachii – largest branch that accompanies the radial nerve –> middle and radial collateral arteries

73
Q

What are the two ulnar collateral arteries?

A

superior – middle of arm, accompanying ulnar nerve, anastamoses to form periarticular
inferior - below elbow crease

74
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment and injury results in paralysis of the coracobrachialis, biceps and brachialis with minimal action of brachioradialis and supinator?

A

musculocutaneous

75
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment with injury meaning paralysis of the triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, and extensor muscles of the wrist fingers with a wrist drop ?

A

radial

76
Q

What nerve has no branches in the axilla or arm but supplies the articular branches to the elbow?

A

median

77
Q

What nerve is vulnerable to injury, crazy bone, no branches in the arm, and supplies the articular branches to the elbow?

A

ulnar

78
Q

What nerve supplies all of the posterior compartment and enters the forearm between the brachioradialis and brachialis with a superficial and deep branch?

A

radial

79
Q

What has the terminal part of the brachial artery, radial and ulnar artery, deep veins, biceps brachii tendon, median nerve, and radial nerve, with the medial cubital vein?

A

cubital fossa

80
Q

What four muscles move the pectoral girdle?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius
  • serratus anterior
81
Q

What does the pectoralis major form with the deltoid?

A

deltopectoral groove where the cephalic vein runs

82
Q

What are the two heads of the pectoralis major?

A

clavicular and sternocostal heads

83
Q

Where does the pectoralis minor lie and some of its purpose?

A

anterior wall of axilla to stabilize the scapula and is used when reaching forward to touch an object, elevates ribs, and forms a bridge for vessels and nerves to pass to arm

84
Q

Where is the subclavius?

A

inferior to the clavicle

85
Q

What does the subclavius do?

A

protects subclavian vessels and helps resist clavicle dislocation at the AC joint

86
Q

What is the serratus anterior?

A

strong muscle, called the boxer’s muscle and paralysis = injuries to the long thoracic nerve

87
Q

What are the posterior muscles from superficial to deep?

A

trapezius & lats –> levator scapula & rhomboids –> deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff

88
Q

What attaches the pectoral girdle to the trunk, cranium, and vertebral column?

A

trapezius

89
Q

What adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm, and surgery places thoracodorsal nerve at risk – know there is an issue with upper limb climbing?

A

latissimus dorsi

90
Q

What elevates the scapula and rotates, extends, and lateral flexion of the neck?

A

levator scapulae

91
Q

What’s used when forcibly lowering the arms?

A

rhomboids

92
Q

What muscles act on the glenohumeral joint?

A

deltoid, teres major, SITS

93
Q

How do the anterior and posterior parts of the deltoid work?

A

anterior - flexes
posterior - extends

94
Q

What is an important stabilizer of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity and adducts and medially rotates the arm?

A

teres major

95
Q

What forms a musclotendinous rotator cuff around the glenohumeral joint and protects the joint?

A

SITS

96
Q

How do you test the supraspinatus?

A

abduction of arm from fully adducted

97
Q

What is the most common SITS tear?

A

subscapularis – biceps tendon also could be injured

98
Q

What is partly covered by the deltoid and trapezius, rotates the humerus, stabilizes the glenohumeral joint?

A

infraspinatus

99
Q

How do you test the infraspinatus?

A

person flexes the elbow and adducts the arm, arm is laterally rotated.

100
Q

What is the elongated muscle hidden by the deltoid and works w/ infraspinatus to rotate the arm laterally and assist in adduction, and is supplied by the axillary nerve?

A

teres minor

101
Q

How do you test the teres minor?

A

slightly abducts shoulders w/ elbows at 90 degrees, push arms outward with resistance and externally rotate

102
Q

What forms part of the posterior wall of the axilla ad primary medial rotator of the arm and also adducts?

A

subscapularis

103
Q

What is the subscapularis test?

A

dorsum of hand on back and lift hand away from back

104
Q

What are the three flexors of the arm and the nerve it is supplied by?

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis (musculocutaneous nerve)

105
Q

What’s the extensor of the arm and the nerve it’s supplied by?

A

triceps brachii (radial nerve)

106
Q

What lies posterior to the biceps, main flexor of the forearm, and the only pure flexor as the “workhouse” of elbow flexors?

A

brachialis

107
Q

What is pierced by the musculocutaneous nerve and often used as a landmark with a distal part of its attachment indicating location of nutrient foramen of the humerus?

A

coracobrachialis

Anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions