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Anatomy > Lower extremity joints > Flashcards

Lower extremity joints Flashcards

1
Q

What provides attachment of the ligamentum teres?

A

hip joint

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2
Q

What artery sends a branch through the acetabular notch into the ligamentum teres to the head of the femur?

A

obturator artery

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3
Q

What can a femoral neck fracture cause?

A

avascular necrosis

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4
Q

What surrounds the inside of the capsule, acetabular labrum, and covers the ligamentum teres?

A

synovial membrane

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5
Q

What ligament is Y shaped, connects anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric line, and is tense in extension?

A

iliofemoral ligament

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6
Q

What ligament is deep to the ileofemoral ligament and connects the iliopubic eminence to the undersurface of the femoral neck, and is tense in abduction?

A

pubofemoral ligament

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7
Q

What ligament is on the posterior hip that in spiral fashion connections the ischium below the acetabulum to the back of the femoral neck and is tense in abduction?

A

ischiofemoral ligament

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8
Q

What are the two types of hip dislocations?

A

congenital and traumatic

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9
Q

What is most vulnerable to dislocation in the hip?

A

medially roated, adducted hip w/ posterior and superior dislocation and rim of acetabulum could be fractured

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10
Q

What’s the hip joint arterial supply?

A
  • femoral artery –> femoral circumflex arteries (medial, lateral, and wind around femur) and
  • profunda femoris artery (passes btwn pectinus and adductor longus) perforating supplies hamstrings

they anastomose w/ each other including circumflex and gluteal arteries

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11
Q

What is the main supply of the femoral head?

A

retinacular vessels which arise from the trochanteric area – medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries and pass around in 3 groups: posterosuperior, posteroinferior, and small, anterior retinacular arteries

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12
Q

Where do fractures of the femoral neck occur?

A

intracapsular (may disrupt blood supply) or extracapsular
usually elderly!

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13
Q

What are the 3 subjoints of the knee joint?

A

1) patella and front of lower end of femur
2) lateral femoral condyle and lateral tibial condyle
3) btwn medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle

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14
Q

Why is the capsule absent on the front of the knee?

A

permits the membrane to pouch upward forming suprapateller bursa

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15
Q

What are the knee ligaments?

A

1) Patellar ligament, connecting apex of patella to tibia
2) LCL –fibula
3) MCL – tibia
4) ACL – tense in hyperextension, limits tibia displacement
5) PCL - stronger, attached to posterior

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16
Q

What is attached to the medial collateral ligament making it more susceptible to injury?

A

medial mensci
lateral meniscus does not have attachment so tears are less common

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17
Q

What’s the unhappy/terrible triad?

A

1) ACL tear
2) MCL tear
3) medial meniscal tear

18
Q

Where is the prepatellar bursae?

A

between patella & skin, “housemaid’s knee”

19
Q

Where is the deep infrapatellar bursae?

A

between tibia & ligamentum patella

20
Q

Where is the infrapatellar bursae?

A

between tibial tuberosity and skin, “parson’s knee”

21
Q

Where is the suprapatellar bursae?

A

between femur and quadriceps tendon, communicates w/ knee joint

22
Q

What is the conjoined tendons at the medial aspect of knee that insert onto tibia?

A

Pes anserine

23
Q

Where does sublaxation usually occur?

A

laterally usually in young females and women

24
Q

What is the most common bursitis of the knee?

A

prepateller bursa – common from excessive kneeling, wrestlers

25
Q

What word should indicate a knee vessel?

A

genicular

26
Q

What are the two joints of the tibia and fibula?

A

superior and inferior
superior - synovial joint between head of fibula and lateral tibial condyle - stable
inferior - syndesmosis joint w/ interosseus ligament that help deepen slot of ankle joint

27
Q

What joint is formed by tibia above and medially, fibula laterally, talus below

A

talocrural ankle joint

28
Q

What are the anterior and posterior tibulofibular ligaments a part of?

A

inferior tibiofibular joint –deepen ankle joint

29
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

3 – anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

30
Q

What is the deltoid ligament?

A

medial side of ankle joint and joins medial malleous to the talus, crossed by tibialis posterior and flexor digitorium longus tendons

31
Q

When is the ankle joint the least stable?

A

plantar-flexed

32
Q

What does inversion strain likely result in?

A

talofibular ligament injury “sprained ankle”

33
Q

Why is an eversion injury more severe when it eventually occurs?

A

deltoid ligament is strong!

34
Q

What is the most vulnerable of the collateral ligaments?

A

anterior talofibular ligament

35
Q

How does rupture occur in the leg?

A

forceful plantar flexion w/ knee extended in sprinting or jumping, can hear “pop” or sensation of being struck in the back of the leg

36
Q

What is flat feet caused by?

A

loss of medial arch when foot is held in dorsiflexion or eversion

37
Q

What are shin splints?

A

repetitive pulling of tibialis posterior tendon, stress on muscle –> stress fractures!

38
Q

How do you know compartment syndrome is occuring in the leg?

A

anterior - excessive contraction of muscles, pain radiates down to ankle and dorsum
lateral - excessively weak ankle joints w/ hyperextension irritating lateral muscles

39
Q

What are the 5Ps of compartment syndrome?

A

Pain
Pallor
Paresis
Paresthesia
Pulseless

40
Q

What’s in the subtalar or talocalcanean joint?

A

interosseous talocalcanean ligament that lies in the sinus tarsi (which contains blood vessels supplying both bones)

Anatomy (19 decks)

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