the cranium Flashcards
What does the neurocranium cover?
brain
What does the viscerocranium cover?
face
What does the neurocranium consist of?
4 singular bones (frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, occipital) and 2 bilateral pairs (temporal and parietal)
What are the sutures?
coronal (top of head), squamous (ear), lamboid (lower)
What are the bones of the viscerocranium?
mandible, maxilla (2), zygomatic (2), palatine (2), nasal (2), lacrimal (2)
What are the LeFort fractures?
1 is only separation of hard palate from upper maxilla
2 transects nasal bones
III is full craniofacial disfunction
What are the fontanelles?
closure of bone growth in head, in temple area delayed closure: achondroplasia, hypothyroidism, Down syndrome, increased ICP, rickets
SCALP
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose alveolar tissue
pericranium
Why do deep wounds gape in the head?
occipitofrontalis pulling in opposite directions
What are the cranial meninges?
coverings that lie immediately internal to cranium, functioning w/ protection, support, enclosing subarachnoid space with dura, arachnoid, and pia layers
What are the two layers of the dura mater?
external periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer
What are the dural infoldings?
internal meningeal layer reflects and dseparate cranial cavity into compartments forming dural septa – cerebral falx, cerebellar tentorium, cerebellar falx, and sellar diaphragm
What does the cerebral falx separate?
right and left hemispheres with 2 dural sinuses
What is the cerebellar tentorium?
separates occipital lobes from cerebellum
Epidural vs subdural?
C versus crescent === epidural is arterial blood with dura peeled from skull and did not cross suture lines, while subdural hematoma is venous blood, beneath dura and crossing suture lines
