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Clinical Morphology > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Glenoid labrum is continuous with

A

The long head of the biceps and triceps tendons

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2
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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3
Q

Muscles of shoulder external/lateral rotation

A

infraspinatus, teres minor

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4
Q

Muscles of shoulder internal/medial rotation

A

subscapularis

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5
Q

Muscles of arm abduction

A

supraspinatus, deltoid

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6
Q

Muscles of arm adduction

A

teres major, coracobrachialis

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7
Q

Muscles of scapula elevation

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor/major, trapezius

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8
Q

Muscles of scapula depression

A

Subclavius, pectoralis minor

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9
Q

Muscles of scapula protraction

A

Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior

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10
Q

Muscles of scapula retraction

A

Rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

Muscles of scapula upward rotation

A

Trapezius, serratus anterior

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12
Q

Muscles of scapula downward rotation

A

Latissimus dorsi

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13
Q

Function of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Extension

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14
Q

“3” muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

3 heads of the triceps brachii

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15
Q

3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

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16
Q

Innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Radial nerve

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17
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment of the arm

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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18
Q

Blood supply of posterior compartment of the arm

A

Deep brachial artery

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19
Q

Blood supply of anterior compartment of the arm

A

Brachial artery

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20
Q

Function of anterior compartment of arm

A

Flexion, supination

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21
Q

Origin and insertion of biceps brachii (general)

A

Scapula, radius

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22
Q

Origin and insertion of brachialis (general)

A

Humerus, ulna

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of coracobrachialis (general)

A

Scapula, humerus

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24
Q

Action of biceps brachii

A

Flexion, supination

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25
Q

Action of brachialis

A

Flexion

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26
Q

Action of coracobrachialis

A

Flexion, adduction

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27
Q

Muscles of pronation

A

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

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28
Q

Superficial muscles of anterior forearm (lateral to medial)

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis

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29
Q

Superficial muscles of anterior forearm arise from

A

Medial epicondyle

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30
Q

Deep muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundis

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31
Q

Most muscles of anterior forearm innervated by

A

median nerve

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32
Q

muscles of anterior forearm not innervated by median nerve

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar side of flexor digitorum profundis

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33
Q

3 “wrist” muscles of posterior forearm

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

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34
Q

3 “fingers” muscles of posterior forearm

A

Extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis

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35
Q

3 “thumb” muscles of posterior forearm

A

Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus

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36
Q

3 “other” muscles of posterior forearm

A

Anconeus, supinator, brachioradialis

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37
Q

All posterior forearm muscles innervated by

A

Radial nerve

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38
Q

Fibrous joints

A

synarthroses

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39
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

amphiarthroses

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40
Q

Synovial joints

A

diarthroses

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41
Q

Extrinsic ligament

A

outside the articular capsule

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42
Q

Intrinsic ligament

A

fused with the articular capsule

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43
Q

subscapularis is innervated by

A

subscapular nerve

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44
Q

supraspinatus is innervated by

A

suprascapular nerve

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45
Q

infraspinatus is innervated by

A

suprascapular nerve

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46
Q

teres minor is innervated by

A

axillary nerve

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47
Q

deltoid is innervated by

A

axillary nerve

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48
Q

muscle most commonly involved in rotator cuff injury

A

supraspinatus

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49
Q

ligament leading to impingement of supraspinatus

A

coracoacromial

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50
Q

Grade 1 AC separation

A

slight tearing or stretching of AC joint

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51
Q

Grade 2 AC separation

A

Total tearing of AC joint, CA joint remains intact

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52
Q

Most common type of AC separation

A

Grade 1

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53
Q

Grade 3 AC separation

A

AC, CA, joint capsule completely torn with deformity

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54
Q

Movements at radiocarpal joint

A

Flexion, extension, radial/ulnar deviation of hand

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55
Q

Movements at radioulnar joints

A

Pronation, supination

56
Q

Functions of muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flex wrist/digits, pronate hand, radial/ulnar deviation

57
Q

Blood supply of anterior compartment of forearm

A

Branches of radial and ulnar arteries

58
Q

Functions of muscles of posterior compartment of forearm

A

Extend wrist/digits, supinate hand, extend/abduct thumb

59
Q

Blood supply of posterior compartment of forearm

A

Branches of radial and ulnar arteries

60
Q

Movements at metacarpophalangeal joint

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of digits

61
Q

Movements at interphalangeal joints

A

Flexion and extension of middle and distal phalanges

62
Q

Superficial intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

thenar, hypothenar, lumbricals, adductor pollicis

63
Q

Most intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by

A

ulnar nerve

64
Q

These intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by the median nerve

A

thenar, lateral lumbricals

65
Q

Deep intrinsic hand muscles

A

palmar interossei, dorsal interossei

66
Q

Action of palmar interossei

A

adduction of fingers

67
Q

Action of dorsal interossei

A

abduction of fingers

68
Q

Blood supply to the hand

A

Palmar arches (branches of radial and ulnar arteries)

69
Q

6 branches of axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic, Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

70
Q

Branch of sublclavian artery important for collateral circulation of shoulder

A

Thyrocervical trunk

71
Q

3 branches of the thyrocervical trunk

A

Suprascapular, transverse cervical, dorsal scapular

72
Q

Branch of subscapular artery important for collateral circulation of shoulder

A

Circumflex scapular artery

73
Q

Terminal branches arising from roots (and which roots they arise from)

A

Dorsal scapular (C5), Long thoracic (C5-C7)

74
Q

Terminal branches arising from trunks (and which trunks they arise from)

A

Suprascapular (upper trunk)

75
Q

Terminal branches arising from lateral cord

A

Lateral pectoral, median, musculocutaneous

76
Q

Terminal branches arising from medial cord

A

Medial pectoral, medial cutaneous arm, medial cutaneous forearm, median, ulnar

77
Q

Terminal branches arising from posterior cord

A

Upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, axillary, radial

78
Q

Sensory region of axillary nerve

A

lateral and posterior shoulder

79
Q

Sensory region of radial nerve

A

anterolateral forearm, posterolateral arm and forearm, posterolateral hand

80
Q

Sensory region of musculocutaneous nerve

A

lateral forearm

81
Q

Sensory region of median nerve

A

anterolateral palm, posterolateral fingertips

82
Q

Sensory region of medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

A

medial arm

83
Q

Sensory region of medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

medial forearm

84
Q

Sensory region of ulnar nerve

A

medial hand, posteromedial wrist

85
Q

Median nerve runs with which structure

A

Brachial artery

86
Q

What three structures run together in the medial aspect of the arm

A

median nerve, ulnar nerve, and brachial artery

87
Q

Path of median nerve into forearm

A

cross elbow joint anteriorly, gives off a deep branch, enters hand through carpal tunnel

88
Q

Deep branch of median nerve and where it begins

A

anterior interosseous nerve, forearm

89
Q

Deep branch of the radial nerve and where it begins

A

posterior interosseous nerve, forearm

90
Q

Injuries that can cause damage to axillary nerve

A

anterior dislocation of humerus, humeral surgical neck fracture

91
Q

Injury that can cause damage to radial nerve

A

midshaft fracture of humerus

92
Q

Injuries that commonly cause damage to median nerve

A

Epicondyle fracture, distal humerus fracture, carpal tunnel injuries

93
Q

Branches of subclavian artery

A

Vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical

94
Q

Dividing line between subclavian and axillary arteries

A

lateral border of the first rib

95
Q

Branches of first part of axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic

96
Q

Branches of second part of axillary artery

A

Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic

97
Q

Branches of third part of axillary artery

A

Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral

98
Q

Branches of subscapular artery

A

Circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal

99
Q

Dividing line between axillary artery and brachial artery

A

Inferior border of teres major

100
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve supplies

A

rhomboids, levator scapulae

101
Q

Long thoracic nerve supplies

A

serratus anterior

102
Q

Suprascapular nerve supplies

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus

103
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve supplies

A

Pectoralis major

104
Q

Upper/Lower subscapular nerves supply

A

Subscapularis

105
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve supplies

A

Latissimus dorsi

106
Q

Medial pectoral nerve supplies

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor

107
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm supplies

A

Sensation to medial arm

108
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies

A

Sensation to medial forearm

109
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve ends as the

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve

110
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve supplies

A

Anterior compartment of arm

111
Q

Median nerve branches in forearm

A

Anterior interosseous nerve, palmar cutaneous nerve

112
Q

Terminal branches of the ulnar nerve

A

Deep and superficial branches in hand

113
Q

Axillary nerve innervates

A

Deltoid and teres minor

114
Q

After penetrating ____ muscle, the radial nerve becomes the ________ nerve.

A

Supinator, posterior interosseous

115
Q

Erb’s Palsy affects which roots

A

C5-C6

116
Q

Causes of Erb’s Palsy

A

Birth injury, fall onto shoulder

117
Q

Motor deficits associated with anterior interosseous syndrome

A

Can’t make OK sign, weakness of pronation and thumb flexion, loss of flexion at DIP joint of index and middle fingers

118
Q

Injury causing anterior interosseous syndrome

A

Midshaft forearm fracture

119
Q

Deformity of Erb’s Palsy

A

Arm hanging by side, internally rotated, adducted. Forearm extended and hand pronated

120
Q

Disability of Erb’s Palsy

A

Cannot abduct or laterally rotate arm, no flexion or supination, sensory deficit over shoulder

121
Q

Nerves affected by Erb’s Palsy

A

Musculocutaneous, axillary, suprascapular

122
Q

Roots affected by Klumpke’s Palsy

A

C8, T1

123
Q

Causes of Klumpke’s Palsy

A

Birth injury, over abduction of arm

124
Q

Nerve affected by Klumpke’s Palsy

A

Ulnar

125
Q

Deformity of Klumpke’s Palsy

A

Ulnar claw (hyperextension of MP joints and flexion of IP joints)

126
Q

Disability of Klumpke’s Palsy

A

Loss of intrinsic hand muscles and ulnar flexors of wrist and fingers

127
Q

Collateral circulation to the shoulder is provided by

A

Dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular, suprascapular, transverse cervical

128
Q

Collateral circulation to the elbow is provided by

A

Ulnar collateral and radial collateral arteries, deep brachial artery

129
Q

Collateral circulation to wrist/hand is provided by

A

Deep and superficial palmar arches

130
Q

Test for infraspinatus and teres minor

A

External rotation

131
Q

Test for subscapularis

A

Internal rotation, liftoff test

132
Q

Test for supraspinatus impingement

A

Neer’s Sign

133
Q

Test for rotator cuff pathology

A

Drop arm test

134
Q

Test for impingement

A

Hawkin’s Test

135
Q

Test for biceps tendinitis

A

Speed’s Test

136
Q

Test for glenohumeral joint stability

A

Apprehension test

137
Q

Test for supraspinatus strength

A

Empty can test

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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