Cranial Cavity and Contents Flashcards
2 layers of dura mater
periosteal, meningeal
which meningeal layer lies directly against the bones of the skull and vertebral column
dura mater
is the dura highly innervated
yes
dura mater blood supply
branches of meningeal arteries
venous structures are lined with what tissue
endothelium
venous sinuses are formed by
the separation of the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater
dural venous sinuses function
drain blood from brain
dural venous sinuses drain blood into
internal jugular veins
dural venous sinuses location
contained within reflections of the dura that separate brain regions and lobes
3 cranial fossae
anterior, middle, posterior
most shallow and superior cranial fossa
anterior
primary foramen of anterior fossa
cribriform plate
which fossa forms roof of orbits
anterior
cribriform plate function
supports the olfactory bulbs
location of anterior cranial fossa
superior to nasal cavities
anterior cranial fossa function
supports frontal lobes
middle cranial fossa location
centrally in floor of cranial cavity
middle cranial fossa function
accommodates the temporal lobes and pituitary gland
foramina of middle cranial fossa
carotid canal, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum
deepest cranial fossa
posterior
posterior cranial fossa function
accommodates brainstem and cerebellum
foramina of posterior cranial fossa
hypoglossal canal, foramen magnum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen
contents of foramina in cribriform plate
olfactory nerves
contents of superior orbital fissure
oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic nerve, abducens nerve
contents of optic canal
optic nerve, ophthalmic artery
contents of foramen rotundum
maxillary nerve
contents of the carotid canal
internal carotid artery, internal carotid nervous plexus
contents of foreman ovale
mandibular nerve
contents of foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery
contents of internal acoustic meatus
facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve
contents of jugular foramen
sigmoid sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve
contents of hypoglossal canal
hypoglossal nerve
contents of foramen magnum
vertebral arteries, accessory nerves, anterior and posterior spinal arteries
contents of falx cerebri
superior and inferior saggital sinuses and the straight sinus
contents of tentorium cerebelli
transverse sinuses
diaphragm sellae function
covers sella turcica and pituitary gland
contents of diaphragm sellae
cavernous sinus
function of arachnoid granulations
projections of the arachnoid that extend into dural sinuses and empty CSF into venous system
function of bridging veins
drain the brain, pass through subarachnoid space and dura and empty into dural venous sinuses
epidural hemorrhage etiology
large force causing temporal bone fracture that tears the middle meningeal artery
epidural hemorrhage etiology difference in children
artery may rupture without skull fracture
epidural hemorrhage progression
brief loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval of a few minutes to hours, then headache with progressive alteration of consciousness with focal deficits
epidural hemorrhage CT findings
convex, lens-shaped hyperdensity that may cross the midline
subdural hemorrhage etiology
rupture of bridging veins where they pierce the dura due to displacement of brain
subdural hemorrhage risk factors
old age, alcoholism
subdural hemorrhage presentation
headache, AMS
subdural hemorrhage CT findings
crescent-shaped concave hyperdensity that follows contours of brain and does not cross the midline
subarachnoid hemorrhage etiology
bleeding into the subarachnoid space caused by anuerysm, AVM, or TBI
subarachnoid hemorrhage pathophysiology
blood in subarachnoid space irritates meninges, increases ICP, damages brain cells
subarachnoid hemorrhage presentation
thunderclap headache, n/v, neck/back pain, dizziness, seizures
subarachnoid hemorrhage spinal tap findings
blood in CSF
general blood supply to brain and spinal cord
branches of internal carotid and vertebral arteries
circle of willis
anastomotic complex of branches of IC and VA that supplies the cerebrum
3 cerebral arteries that come off of circle of willis
anterior, middle, posterior
anterior cerebral arteries supply
anteromedial cerebrum
middle cerebral arteries supply
most of lateral brain
posterior cerebral arteries supply
medial and lateral posterior cerebrum
brainstem and spinal cord primarily supplied by branches of
vertebral artery and branches of aorta
location of lacrimal bone
medial anterior floor of each orbit
what is the pterion
junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal bones
what is the coronal suture
connects frontal bone to parietal bones
what is the lambdoid suture
connects occipital bone to parietal bones
what is the sagittal suture
connects adjacent parietal bones
