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Clinical Morphology > Cranial Cavity and Contents > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity and Contents Flashcards

1
Q

2 layers of dura mater

A

periosteal, meningeal

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2
Q

which meningeal layer lies directly against the bones of the skull and vertebral column

A

dura mater

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3
Q

is the dura highly innervated

A

yes

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4
Q

dura mater blood supply

A

branches of meningeal arteries

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5
Q

venous structures are lined with what tissue

A

endothelium

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6
Q

venous sinuses are formed by

A

the separation of the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater

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7
Q

dural venous sinuses function

A

drain blood from brain

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8
Q

dural venous sinuses drain blood into

A

internal jugular veins

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9
Q

dural venous sinuses location

A

contained within reflections of the dura that separate brain regions and lobes

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10
Q

3 cranial fossae

A

anterior, middle, posterior

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11
Q

most shallow and superior cranial fossa

A

anterior

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12
Q

primary foramen of anterior fossa

A

cribriform plate

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13
Q

which fossa forms roof of orbits

A

anterior

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14
Q

cribriform plate function

A

supports the olfactory bulbs

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15
Q

location of anterior cranial fossa

A

superior to nasal cavities

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16
Q

anterior cranial fossa function

A

supports frontal lobes

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17
Q

middle cranial fossa location

A

centrally in floor of cranial cavity

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18
Q

middle cranial fossa function

A

accommodates the temporal lobes and pituitary gland

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19
Q

foramina of middle cranial fossa

A

carotid canal, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

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20
Q

deepest cranial fossa

A

posterior

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21
Q

posterior cranial fossa function

A

accommodates brainstem and cerebellum

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22
Q

foramina of posterior cranial fossa

A

hypoglossal canal, foramen magnum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen

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23
Q

contents of foramina in cribriform plate

A

olfactory nerves

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24
Q

contents of superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic nerve, abducens nerve

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25
Q

contents of optic canal

A

optic nerve, ophthalmic artery

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26
Q

contents of foramen rotundum

A

maxillary nerve

27
Q

contents of the carotid canal

A

internal carotid artery, internal carotid nervous plexus

28
Q

contents of foreman ovale

A

mandibular nerve

29
Q

contents of foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

30
Q

contents of internal acoustic meatus

A

facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve

31
Q

contents of jugular foramen

A

sigmoid sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve

32
Q

contents of hypoglossal canal

A

hypoglossal nerve

33
Q

contents of foramen magnum

A

vertebral arteries, accessory nerves, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

34
Q

contents of falx cerebri

A

superior and inferior saggital sinuses and the straight sinus

35
Q

contents of tentorium cerebelli

A

transverse sinuses

36
Q

diaphragm sellae function

A

covers sella turcica and pituitary gland

37
Q

contents of diaphragm sellae

A

cavernous sinus

38
Q

function of arachnoid granulations

A

projections of the arachnoid that extend into dural sinuses and empty CSF into venous system

39
Q

function of bridging veins

A

drain the brain, pass through subarachnoid space and dura and empty into dural venous sinuses

40
Q

epidural hemorrhage etiology

A

large force causing temporal bone fracture that tears the middle meningeal artery

41
Q

epidural hemorrhage etiology difference in children

A

artery may rupture without skull fracture

42
Q

epidural hemorrhage progression

A

brief loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval of a few minutes to hours, then headache with progressive alteration of consciousness with focal deficits

43
Q

epidural hemorrhage CT findings

A

convex, lens-shaped hyperdensity that may cross the midline

44
Q

subdural hemorrhage etiology

A

rupture of bridging veins where they pierce the dura due to displacement of brain

45
Q

subdural hemorrhage risk factors

A

old age, alcoholism

46
Q

subdural hemorrhage presentation

A

headache, AMS

47
Q

subdural hemorrhage CT findings

A

crescent-shaped concave hyperdensity that follows contours of brain and does not cross the midline

48
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage etiology

A

bleeding into the subarachnoid space caused by anuerysm, AVM, or TBI

49
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage pathophysiology

A

blood in subarachnoid space irritates meninges, increases ICP, damages brain cells

50
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage presentation

A

thunderclap headache, n/v, neck/back pain, dizziness, seizures

51
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage spinal tap findings

A

blood in CSF

52
Q

general blood supply to brain and spinal cord

A

branches of internal carotid and vertebral arteries

53
Q

circle of willis

A

anastomotic complex of branches of IC and VA that supplies the cerebrum

54
Q

3 cerebral arteries that come off of circle of willis

A

anterior, middle, posterior

55
Q

anterior cerebral arteries supply

A

anteromedial cerebrum

56
Q

middle cerebral arteries supply

A

most of lateral brain

57
Q

posterior cerebral arteries supply

A

medial and lateral posterior cerebrum

58
Q

brainstem and spinal cord primarily supplied by branches of

A

vertebral artery and branches of aorta

59
Q

location of lacrimal bone

A

medial anterior floor of each orbit

60
Q

what is the pterion

A

junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal bones

61
Q

what is the coronal suture

A

connects frontal bone to parietal bones

62
Q

what is the lambdoid suture

A

connects occipital bone to parietal bones

63
Q

what is the sagittal suture

A

connects adjacent parietal bones

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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