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Clinical Morphology > GI Embryology > Flashcards

GI Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

peritoneum is formed from

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

when is primitive gut tube formed

A

week 4

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3
Q

where is primitive gut tube formed from

A

top of yolk sac

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4
Q

how does the embryo fold to form gut tube

A

cranially-caudally and laterally

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5
Q

gut tube is formed from

A

yolk sac endoderm

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6
Q

what happens along with gut tube formation

A

body cavity and anterolateral body wall are formed, amnion encases embryo

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7
Q

epithelial lining of gut tube is formed from

A

endoderm

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8
Q

all layers of gut tube wall except epithelial lining are formed from

A

mesoderm

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9
Q

path of unpaired aortic branches in embryo

A

travel from posterior body wall to to gut tube through dorsal mesentery

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10
Q

where is gut tube suspended from

A

posterior body wall

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11
Q

what suspends gut tube from posterior body wall

A

dorsal mesentery

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12
Q

where does the liver bud off into

A

ventral mesentery

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13
Q

spleen develops from

A

mesoderm in dorsal mesentery of stomach

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14
Q

rotation of the stomach

A

90 degrees clockwise so that the left side faces anteriorly

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15
Q

the dorsal mesogastrium becomes

A

the greater omentum

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16
Q

the lesser omentum arises from

A

stomach rotation

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17
Q

dorsal mesentery of the stomach aka

A

dorsal mesogastrium

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18
Q

how does stomach rotation affect the liver

A

it moves the liver to the right side of the abdomen

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19
Q

how does the retroperitoneal duodenum and pancreas occur

A

the rotation of the stomach pushes the duodenum, pancreas, and part of dorsal mesentery against the posterior body wall

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20
Q

parts of dorsal mesentery of the stomach that don’t fuse with parietal peritoneum covering the posterior body wall

A

splenorenal ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, greater omentum

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21
Q

ventral mesentery comes from

A

septum transversum

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22
Q

ventral mesentery becomes

A

lesser omentum and falciform ligament

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23
Q

what structures come off of liver bud

A

liver bud, biliary duct system, gallbladder

24
Q

what causes pancreatic buds to fuse

A

foregut rotation

25
Q

physiological herniation

A

herniation of intestines into umbilical cord

26
Q

jejunum and upper ileum formed by

A

cranial limb of midgut loop

27
Q

lower ileum through proximal 2/3 of transverse colon formed by

A

caudal limb of midgut loop

28
Q

when does physiologic herniation occur

A

6 weeks

29
Q

when does the intestine return to abdomen

A

10 weeks

30
Q

pyloric stenosis results from

A

hypertrophy of muscularis externa of pyloris

31
Q

signs of pyloric stenosis

A

projectile, nonbilious vomiting

32
Q

symptoms of pyloric stenosis begin when

A

3-5 weeks of age

33
Q

cause of pyloric stenosis

A

multifactorial (genetic and enviornmental)

34
Q

annular pancreas results from

A

the ventral pancreatic bud having two lobes that move in opposite directions during foregut rotation

35
Q

annular pancreas causes

A

an obstructive ring around the 2nd part of the duodenum at the foregut-midgut junction

36
Q

symptoms of annular pancreas present during

A

neonatal period

37
Q

symptoms of annular pancreas

A

feeding intolerance, nonbilious vomiting, abdominal distention

38
Q

omphalocele is caused by

A

midgut loop fails to return to the abdominal cavity

39
Q

what is midgut loop covered by in omphalocele

A

amnion covered parietal peritoneum

40
Q

what is gastroschisis

A

abdominal viscera herniate through body wall directly into amniotic cavity

41
Q

usual location of gastroschisis

A

to the right of the umbilicus

42
Q

cause of gastroschisis

A

defect in lateral folding of embryo that leaves a gap or weakness in anterior abdominal wall

43
Q

what is Meckel’s diverticulum

A

persistence of the proximal portion of the yolk sac

44
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum is most common in

A

men

45
Q

what can be present in Meckel’s diverticulum

A

ectopic gastric mucosa

46
Q

usual location of Meckel’s diverticulum

A

2 feet from the ileocecal junction

47
Q

if no rotation of the midgut occurs

A

small intestine ends up on the right and large intestine ends up on the left

48
Q

clockwise rotation of the midgut results in

A

large intestine is posterior to the duodenum

49
Q

what is malrotation of midgut

A

mesentery doesn’t fuse properly resulting in small intestine twisting around SMA and volvulus

50
Q

symptoms of volvulus

A

vomiting, absence of stool, abdominal distention

51
Q

duodenal atresia results from

A

failed recanalization of lumen of midgut

52
Q

symptoms of duodenal atresia

A

bilious vomiting, distended abdomen, stenosis distal to ampulla of vater

53
Q

failure of neural crest cell migration leads to

A

aganglionic megacolon

54
Q

lateral fold defects include

A

omphalocele, gastroschisis

55
Q

Meckel diverticulum aka

A

persistent vitelline duct

56
Q

in what way is the spleen unique among abdominal organs

A

it is derived from mesoderm

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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