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Clinical Morphology > Pelvic embryology > Flashcards

Pelvic embryology Flashcards

1
Q

definitive kidney

A

metanephros

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2
Q

where does pronephros develop

A

cervical region

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3
Q

where does mesonephros develop

A

thoracic and lumbar regions

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4
Q

2 parts of metanephros

A

excretory system, collecting system

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5
Q

collecting system of metanephros develops from

A

ureteric bud

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6
Q

ureteric bud sprouts from

A

mesonephric duct

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7
Q

excretory system of metanephros develops from

A

intermediate mesoderm surrounding ureteric bud forming metanephric blastema

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8
Q

components of collecting system

A

ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, collecting ducts

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9
Q

components of excretory system

A

nephrons

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10
Q

glomeruli

A

capillaries that grow into distal ends of nephrons

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11
Q

nephron

A

vesicle or tubule that produces urine the process of removing waste from blood

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12
Q

pelvic kidney

A

doesn’t extend cranially like it should

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13
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

inferior ends of kidneys fuse and drift up together until stopped by IMA

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14
Q

bifed/double ureter

A

ureteric bud bifurcates before metanephric blastema forms

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15
Q

ectopic kidney

A

crosses over to the other side during ascension

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16
Q

thoracic kidney

A

kidney ascends too far

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17
Q

multiple renal arteries

A

persistence of accessory renal arteries that usually degenerate

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18
Q

multiple renal arteries can lead to

A

renal ischemia

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19
Q

when are kidneys functional

A

12th week

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20
Q

oligohydramnios is a sign of

A

bilateral renal agenesis

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21
Q

potter sequence

A

oligohydramnios causing compression on the fetus by the uterus

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22
Q

Ssx of potter sequence

A

limb deformities, dry/wrinkly skin, facial anomalies, pulmonary hypoplasia

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23
Q

caudal end of hindgut

A

cloaca

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24
Q

urogenital sinus formation

A

urorectal septum (mesoderm) divides the hindgut into urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

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25
Q

bladder and urethra are formed from

A

urogenital sinus

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26
Q

allantois

A

connects apex of bladder with umbilicus

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27
Q

allantois becomes

A

urachus

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28
Q

urachus becomes

A

medial umbilical ligament on posterior aspect of anterior abdominal wall

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29
Q

hindgut abnormalities occur when

A

the urorectal septum does not form correctly

30
Q

urachal fistula, urachal cyst, urachal sinus caused by

A

persistence of a lumen in the urachus

31
Q

urine coming out of the umbilicus is a sign of

A

urachal fistula

32
Q

how are gonadal ridges formed

A

primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac to intermediate mesoderm medial to the mesonephros

33
Q

the indifferent stage starts

A

week 6

34
Q

mesonephric ducts aka

A

Wollfian ducts

35
Q

mesonephric ducts become

A

epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

36
Q

paramesonephric ducts become

A

uterus, uterine tubes, upper vagina

37
Q

male primitive sex cords become

A

testis cords

38
Q

male primitive sex cords at the hilum become

A

rete testis

39
Q

male mesonephric tubules become

A

efferent ducts

40
Q

female primitive sex cords become

A

somatic support cells and then follicle cells

41
Q

how are prostate and bulbourethral glands formed

A

bud off urethra

42
Q

how are seminal vesicles formed

A

bud off mesonephric duct

43
Q

how is trigone formed

A

lower end of mesonephric ducts are incorporated into bladder

44
Q

how are uterus and upper vagina formed

A

caudal ends of paramesonephric ducts fuse

45
Q

how are uterine tubes formed

A

they are the unfused paramesonephric ducts

46
Q

uterine and vaginal anomalies result from

A

problems with the development of paramesonephric ducts

47
Q

no fusion of paramesonephric ducts leads to

A

double uterus, double vagina

48
Q

partial fusion of paramesonephric ducts leads to

A

double uterus, bicornate uterus

49
Q

medial walls of paramesonephric ducts fail to resorb

A

septated uterus

50
Q

incomplete development of one paramesonephric duct

A

unicornate uterus

51
Q

paramesonephric ducts resorb too much

A

cervical atresia

52
Q

what each embryo has during indifferent stage

A

genital tubercle, urogenital folds, labioscrotal swellings, anal folds

53
Q

female genital tubercle becomes

A

clitoris

54
Q

female urogenital folds become

A

labia minora

55
Q

female labialscrotal swellings become

A

labia majora

56
Q

male urogenital folds and genital turbercle

A

fuse and genital turbercle becomes shaft and glans of penis

57
Q

male urogenital fold fusion forms

A

penile urethra

58
Q

labioscrotal swellings form

A

scrotum

59
Q

penile hypospadias

A

urogenital folds don’t fuse completely

60
Q

glands hypospadias

A

abnormal canalization of urethral plate within glans penis

61
Q

epispadias

A

urethral orifice opens into the dorsal surface of the penis

62
Q

epispadias is associated with

A

exstrophy of bladder

63
Q

cryptorchidism

A

testis fails to descend after birth

64
Q

processus vaginalis forms the

A

inguinal canal

65
Q

processes vaginalis closes to become

A

tunica vaginalis

66
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of spermatic cord crimping testicular artery

67
Q

testicular hydrocele

A

fluid between parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis

68
Q

many indirect inguinal hernias arise from

A

incomplete closure of processus vaginalis

69
Q

female gubernaculum becomes

A

ligament of ovary and round ligament of uterus

70
Q

round ligament of uterus extends into

A

labia majora

71
Q

broad ligament of uterus formed when

A

peritoneal folds covering the paramesonephric ducts fuse

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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