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Clinical Morphology > Deep Face > Flashcards

Deep Face Flashcards

1
Q

2 fossae of temporal region/deep face

A

temporal and infratemporal

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2
Q

temporal fossa location

A

superior to zygomatic arch

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3
Q

temporal fossa contents

A

temporalis muscle

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4
Q

infratemporal fossa location

A

deep and inferior to zygomatic bone

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5
Q

infratemporal fossa contents

A

pterygoids, mandibular nerve, maxillary vessels

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6
Q

muscles of mastication are derived from

A

first pharyngeal arch

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7
Q

first pharyngeal arch derivatives are innervated by

A

mandibular nerve

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8
Q

TMJ is articulation between

A

temporal bone and mandibular condyle

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9
Q

which muscles elevate the mandible

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

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10
Q

which muscles protract the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid

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11
Q

which muscles depress the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

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12
Q

which muscles retract the mandible

A

temporalis, masseter

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13
Q

which muscles perform lateral movement of mandible

A

medial and lateral pterygoids

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14
Q

temporalis muscle origin and insertion

A

temporal fossa, coronoid process of mandible

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15
Q

temporalis muscle innervation

A

deep temporal nerves

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16
Q

temporalis muscle blood supply

A

deep temporal arteries (branches of maxillary artery)

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17
Q

contents of infratemporal fossa

A

insertion of temporalis, pterygoids, mandibular nerve, chorda tympani nerve, otic ganglion, maxillary artery, pterygoid plexus of veins

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18
Q

origin of medial pterygoid

A

medial side of lateral pterygoid plate

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19
Q

origin of lateral pterygoid

A

lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate

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20
Q

insertion of medial pterygoid

A

lower internal mandibular ramus

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21
Q

divisions of mandibular nerve

A

anterior and posterior

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22
Q

anterior division of mandibular nerve ends as

A

buccal nerve

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23
Q

at what point does anterior division of mandibular nerve turn into buccal nerve

A

lateral pterygoid muscle

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24
Q

branches of anterior division of mandibular nerve

A

deep temporal nerves, nerves to masseter and lateral pterygoid

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25
Q

branches of posterior division of mandibular nerve

A

lingual, inferior alveolar, nerve to mylohyoid, auriculotemporal

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26
Q

lingual nerve is joined by what nerve

A

chorda tympani

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27
Q

chorda tympani arises from what cranial nerve

A

facial (VII)

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28
Q

type and function of chorda tympani nerve

A

preganglionic parasympathetic that synapses in submandibular ganglion to innervate submandibular and sublingual glands

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29
Q

which nerve is just posterior to lingual nerve

A

inferior alveolar

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30
Q

what does the inferior alveolar nerve pass through to get into mandible

A

mandibular foramen

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31
Q

what does inferior alveolar nerve travel with

A

inferior alveolar artery (branch of maxillary artery)

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32
Q

otic ganglion location

A

medial aspect of V3 (mandibular nerve) as it exits foramen ovale

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33
Q

what travels with auriculotemporal nerve

A

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN IX (glossopharyngeal) from otic ganglion to parotid gland

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34
Q

course of maxillary artery

A

from posterior to neck of mandible through infratemporal fossa to pass through pterygopalatine fossa, then crosses either external or deep surface of lateral pterygoid

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35
Q

branches of maxillary artery

A

middle meningeal, inferior alveolar, branches to muscles of mastication, buccal, sphenopalatine

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36
Q

middle meningeal artery enters the middle cranial fossa via

A

foramen spinosum

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37
Q

course of sphenopalatine artery

A

enters posterior nasal cavity

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38
Q

3 regions of nasal cavity

A

nasal vestibule, respiratory region, olfactory region

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39
Q

nasal cavity region containing hair

A

nasal vestibule

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40
Q

nasal cavity region containing thick mucosa

A

respiratory region

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41
Q

nasal cavity region containing filaments of olfactory nerve

A

olfactory region

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42
Q

nasal septum is formed by

A

vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid

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43
Q

anterior border of nasal septum formed by

A

septal cartilage

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44
Q

what covers nasal septum

A

respiratory mucosa

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45
Q

choana

A

posterior nasal aperture through which air passes to the nasopharynx

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46
Q

nasal chonchae

A

3 protrusions (superior, middle, inferior) of the ethmoid bone from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

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47
Q

what lies below each nasal choncha

A

nasal meatus

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48
Q

what lines paranasal sinuses

A

respiratory mucosa

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49
Q

sphenoid sinus drains into

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

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50
Q

ethmoid sinus drains into

A

superior and middle meatuses

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51
Q

frontal sinus drains into

A

middle meatus

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52
Q

maxillary sinus drains into

A

middle meatus

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53
Q

nasolacrimal duct drains into

A

inferior meatus

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54
Q

ophthalmic nerve in nasal cavity

A

general afferent, anterior/posterior ethmoid nerves

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55
Q

maxillary nerve in nasal cavity

A

general afferent, small nasal branches, nasopalatine nerve

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56
Q

arteries contributing blood supply to the nose

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, facial

57
Q

branches of ophthalmic artery in nasal cavity

A

anterior/posterior ethmoid arteries

58
Q

branches of maxillary artery in nasal cavity

A

sphenopalatine artery, septal branches, greater palatine

59
Q

branches of facial artery in nasal cavity

A

lateral nasal, septal branch, superior labial

60
Q

common areas of epistaxis

A

vestibule, anteroinferior aspect of nasal septum

61
Q

anteroinferior aspect of nasal septum aka

A

Kiesselbach’s area

62
Q

common etiology of epistaxis

A

trauma to septal branch of superior labial artery (from facial artery)

63
Q

oral vestibule

A

space between teeth and lips or cheeks

64
Q

sections of the mouth

A

oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

65
Q

palatine tonsils

A

paired collections of lymphoid tissue guarding the oropharynx

66
Q

palatine tonsils location

A

between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

67
Q

hard palate

A

bony anterior 2/3 of palate

68
Q

hard palate consists of

A

palatal process of maxilla and horizontal process of palatine bone

69
Q

soft palate

A

muscular posterior 1/3 of palate

70
Q

soft palate function

A

closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing

71
Q

innervation of muscles of tongue

A

hypoglossal nerve CN XII

72
Q

3 extrinsic skeletal muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

73
Q

genioglossus action

A

depresses and protrudes the tongue

74
Q

hyoglossus action

A

retracts the tongue during swallowing

75
Q

styloglossus action

A

retracts the tongue during swallowing

76
Q

palatoglossus innervation

A

vagus nerve

77
Q

palatoglossus action

A

elevates the tongue

78
Q

palatoglossus is grouped with

A

muscles of the palate

79
Q

blood supply to tongue

A

lingual artery from external carotid artery

80
Q

5 cranial nerves that supply innervation to the tongue

A

lingual (mandibular/trigeminal), chorda tympani (facial), glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal

81
Q

lingual nerve function

A

sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue

82
Q

chorda tympani function (tongue)

A

taste to anterior 2/3

83
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve function (tongue)

A

taste and sensory to posterior 1/3

84
Q

vagus nerve function (tongue)

A

sensation and taste to base of tongue in epiglottal region

85
Q

branch of vagus nerve providing sensory and taste to base of tongue

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

86
Q

hypoglossal nerve function

A

motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

87
Q

the only muscle of tongue not innervated by hypoglossal nerve

A

palatoglossus (vagus nerve)

88
Q

parotid type of gland

A

serous

89
Q

parotid gland innervation preganglionic

A

parasympathetic, lesser petrosal nerve (branch of CN IX)

90
Q

parotid gland innervation ganglion

A

otic ganglion

91
Q

parotid gland innervation postanglionic

A

parasympathetic fibers associated with auriculotemporal nerve, branch of CNV3

92
Q

parotid gland secretes via

A

parotid (Stensen’s) duct

93
Q

submandibular gland type

A

seromucus

94
Q

submandibular gland innervation ganglion

A

submandibular ganglion

95
Q

submandibular gland innervation

A

parasympathetics of chorda tympani (CN VII) travel with lingual nerve (CN V3)

96
Q

submandibular gland secretes via

A

submandibular (Wharton’s) duct

97
Q

sublingual gland type

A

largely mucus

98
Q

sublingual gland innervation

A

same as submandibular gland

99
Q

sublingual gland secretes via

A

small ducts in sublingual fold

100
Q

lower boundary of pharynx

A

cricoid cartilage

101
Q

lower boundary of nasopharynx

A

soft palate

102
Q

lower boundary of oropharynx

A

epiglottis

103
Q

laryngopharynx aka

A

hypopharynx

104
Q

muscles of pharynx

A

superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictors

105
Q

muscles of pharynx action

A

swallowing (deglutition) by serially contracting from superior to inferior

106
Q

pharynx blood supply

A

branches of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian artery (especially ascending cervical branch), external carotid artery (superior thyroid, facial, ascending pharyngeal, maxillary)

107
Q

sensory innervation of nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal branch of CN V2

108
Q

sensory innervation of oropharynx

A

CN IX

109
Q

sensory innervation of laryngopharynx

A

CN X

110
Q

exception to sensory innervation of laryngopharynx

A

stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by CN IX

111
Q

afferent gag reflex provided by

A

CN IX

112
Q

efferent gag reflex action and innervation

A

CN X, soft palate elevated, epiglottis closes, pharyngeal muscles constrict, tongue moves out

113
Q

regions of larynx

A

supraglottic, glottic, infraglottic

114
Q

supraglottic aka

A

vestibule or false vocal cords

115
Q

glottic aka

A

ventricle or true vocal cords

116
Q

infraglottic aka

A

subglottic

117
Q

the regions of larynx are divided by

A

mucosal folds (vestibular fold is superior and vocal fold inferior)

118
Q

what are vocal cords

A

vocal ligaments covered by mucosa

119
Q

only laryngeal muscles to abduct vocal cords

A

posterior cricoarytenoids

120
Q

laryngeal cartilages are moved by

A

laryngeal muscles

121
Q

laryngeal cartilages are connected by

A

elastic ligaments

122
Q

tension and position of vocal ligaments are affected by

A

movement of laryngeal cartilages

123
Q

opening between vocal folds

A

rima glottidis

124
Q

position of rima glottidis during quiet respiration

A

open

125
Q

position of vocal folds when rima glottidis is open

A

abducted

126
Q

position of rima glottidis during swallowing

A

closed (vocal folds adducted)

127
Q

position of epiglottis during swallowing

A

swings downward to close laryngeal vestibule

128
Q

position of rima glottidis during speech

A

closed

129
Q

motor and sensory innervation of larynx (general) is provided by

A

vagus nerve

130
Q

motor nerve to cricothyroid

A

superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

131
Q

sensory nerve to mucosa above vocal folds

A

superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

132
Q

superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve function

A

motor to cricothyroid, sensory to mucosa above vocal folds

133
Q

motor nerve to all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus

134
Q

sensory nerve to mucosa below vocal folds

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus

135
Q

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus functions

A

motor to all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid, sensory to mucosa below vocal folds

136
Q

common insertion of all pharyngeal muscles

A

pharyngeal raphe

137
Q

larynx spinal level

A

C3-C6

138
Q

all mandibular depressors are innervated by CN V3 except

A

Genohyoid (cervical plexus C1)

139
Q

mandibular elevators are innervated by

A

CNV3

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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