ANS

Question 1

2 systems of the ANS

Answer 1

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

basic anatomical organization of ANS

Answer 2

2 neurons and a ganglion

Question 3

origin of preganglionic sympathetic nerves

Answer 3

T1-L2

Question 4

origin of preganglionic parasympathetic nerves

Answer 4

S2-S4 and CN III, VII, IX, X nuclei in brain

Question 5

length of preganglionic sympathetic nerves

Answer 5

short

Question 6

length of preganglionic parasympathetic nerves

Answer 6

long

Question 7

length of postganglionic sympathetic nerves

Answer 7

long

Question 8

length of postganglionic parasympathetic nerves

Answer 8

short

Question 9

location of sympathetic ganglion

Answer 9

usually in the sympathetic trunk

Question 10

location of parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 10

in the wall of or near target organ

Question 11

preganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitter

Answer 11

acetylcholine

Question 12

postganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitter

Answer 12

norepinephrine

Question 13

preganglionic parasympathetic neurotransmitter

Answer 13

acetylcholine

Question 14

postganglionic parasympathetic neurotransmitter

Answer 14

acetylcholine

Question 15

sympathetic effects on liver

Answer 15

stimulates glucose production and release and glycogen breakdown

Question 16

parasympathetic effects on liver

Answer 16

stimulates glycogen synthesis and storage, stimulates bile release from gallbladder

Question 17

location of preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies

Answer 17

IML of grey matter

Question 18

path of preganglionic sympathetic neuron to synapse in standard pathway

Answer 18

exits grey matter via ventral root with spinal nerve and travels to paravertebral chain where it enters the ganglion via the white ramus communicans

Question 19

path of postganglionic sympathetic neuron to target organ in standard pathway

Answer 19

exits the paravertebral chain via the gray ramus communicans and rejoins the spinal nerve to travel to the target organ

Question 20

path of sympathetics to skin of extremities and body wall

Answer 20

pathway 1

Question 21

origin of sympathetics to head

Answer 21

upper thoracic

Question 22

path of preganglionic sympathetics to head

Answer 22

Pathway 2: leave the IML and spinal nerve via white ramus communicans and travel up the sympathetic chain to the top (superior cervical ganglion) where it synapses with the postganglionic neuron

Question 23

path of postganglionic sympathetics to head

Answer 23

exits sympathetic chain and follows branches of the carotid artery to structures in the head

Question 24

path of preganglionic sympathetics to thorax

Answer 24

Exit spinal cord at T1-T5 and enter sympathetic chain to synapse with postganglionic neurons at same level or higher

Question 25

path of postganglionic sympathetics to thorax

Answer 25

Exit the sympathetic chain and form cardiopulmonary plexus of nerves to innervate target organs in the thorax

Question 26

sympathetics to abdominal and pelvic organs origin

Answer 26

T5-L1

Question 27

path of preganglionic sympathetics to abdomen and pelvis

Answer 27

exit spinal cord at T5-L1 and enter sympathetic chain and pass through it without synapsing, becoming thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves. They enter prevertebral ganglia in the abdominal aorta and pelvis to synapse with postganglionic neurons

Question 28

path of postganglionic sympathetics to abdomen and pelvis

Answer 28

follow abdominal aorta and branches to get to target organs

Question 29

course of parasympathetics in head

Answer 29

cell bodies are located in brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, and IX and the neurons synapse with specific ganglia in the head and then travel to target organs

Question 30

course of parasympathetic with CN X

Answer 30

originates in brainstem nuclei of CN X and synapse in ganglia in the wall of thoracic and abdominal organs and then travel to target organs

Question 31

location of cell bodies for sacral outlow

Answer 31

IML of S2-S4

Question 32

path of preganglionic sacral parasympathetics

Answer 32

exit the spinal cord with spinal nerves and travel to their target organs via pelvic splanchnic nerves and synapse with postganglionic nerves in wall of lower abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 33

path of postganglionic sacral parasympathetics

Answer 33

travel via short fibers to cells within the target organ