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Clinical Morphology > Cardiopulmonary Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

the embryonic heart forms from

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

when does the embryonic heart tube form

A

third week

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3
Q

truncus arteriosus becomes

A

proximal aorta, pulmonary trunk

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4
Q

bulbus cordis becomes

A

conus arteriosus (RV), aortic vestibule (LV), trabeculated right ventricle

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5
Q

primitive ventricle becomes

A

trabeculated left ventricle

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6
Q

primitive atrium becomes

A

trabeculated right and left atria

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7
Q

sinus venosus becomes

A

smooth right atrium, coronary sinus

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8
Q

how does the ventricular region of the heart tube move during looping?

A

ventrally, caudally, and to the right

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9
Q

how does the atrial region of the heart tube move during looping?

A

dorsally, cranially, and to the left

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10
Q

when is the basic circulatory plan set up

A

3.5 weeks

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11
Q

vitelline veins

A

carry blood from yolk sac

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12
Q

umbilical veins

A

carry blood from placenta

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13
Q

cardinal veins

A

carry blood from embryo

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14
Q

how are great vessels formed?

A

from degeneration of aortic arches

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15
Q

truncus arteriosus

A

primitive outflow tract, becomes aorta and pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

when does septation occur

A

between 27-37 days

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17
Q

sinus venarum is formed from

A

parts of sinus venosus

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18
Q

smooth left atrium is formed from

A

proximal parts of pulmonary veins

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19
Q

when does the septum primum appear

A

end of the 4th week

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20
Q

atrial septal defect

A

occurs if foramen ovale is too large or if septum secundum doesn’t grow enough

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21
Q

septation of atrioventricular canal

A

proliferating endocardial cells on dorsal and ventral walls grow towards each other and then fuse and form a canal

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22
Q

most common congenital cardiac defect

A

membranous ventricular septal defect

23
Q

when does septation of outflow tract occur

A

5th week

24
Q

conotruncal ridges are formed from

A

proliferating endocardial cells

25
Q

components of membranous ventricular septum

A

inferior conotruncal ridges, endocardial cushions, muscular ventricular septum

26
Q

why does spiriling occur in septation of outflow tract

A

so that the aorta is connected with the LV and pulmonary trunk is connect with RV

27
Q

defects in forming of aorticopulmonary septum

A

persistent truncus arteriosus, transposition of great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot

28
Q

persistent truncus arteriosus

A

no aorticopulmonary septum forms

29
Q

transposition of great vessels

A

the aorticopulmonary septum doesn’t spiral

30
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

aorticopulmonary septum forms asymmetrically

31
Q

3 shunts in fetal circulation

A

ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus

32
Q

ductus venosus

A

shunts blood from umbilical vein to IVC, bypassing liver

33
Q

foramen ovale

A

shunts blood from RA to LA

34
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to descending aorta, bypassing lungs

35
Q

when does ductus arteriosus close fully

A

within 24 hours of birth

36
Q

what keeps ductus arteriosus open in utero?

A

Prostaglanding E2 from placenta

37
Q

what closes ductus arteriosus at birth?

A

bradykinin

38
Q

ductus venosus becomes

A

ligamentun venosum

39
Q

foramen ovale becomes

A

fossa ovale

40
Q

ductus arteriosus becomes

A

ligamentum arteriosum

41
Q

embryonic stage of lung development time

A

3-6 weeks

42
Q

embryonic stage of lung development

A

lung bud from foregut branches to form tertiary bronchi

43
Q

errors in embryonic stage of lung development

A

can lead to tracheoesophageal fistula

44
Q

pseudoglandular stage lung development time

A

6-16 weeks

45
Q

pseudoglandular stage lung development

A

bronchi branch to form terminal bronchioles; respiration impossible

46
Q

saccular stage lung development

A

alveolar ducts divide into primitive alveoli with type I and II pneumocytes, surfactant is made

47
Q

canalicular stage lung development time

A

16-26 weeks

48
Q

canalicular stage lung development

A

terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts and capillaries cover them

49
Q

saccular stage lung develpoment time

A

26-36 weeks

50
Q

alveolar stage lung development time

A

36 weeks - 8 years

51
Q

alveolar lung development

A

alveoli increase and mature

52
Q

what components of lung development are endodermal

A

epithelium of trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs

53
Q

esophageal atresia

A

esophagus is blind ended tube

54
Q

RDS occurs in babies born before

A

28th week of pregnancy

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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