Cardiopulmonary Embryology Flashcards
the embryonic heart forms from
mesoderm
when does the embryonic heart tube form
third week
truncus arteriosus becomes
proximal aorta, pulmonary trunk
bulbus cordis becomes
conus arteriosus (RV), aortic vestibule (LV), trabeculated right ventricle
primitive ventricle becomes
trabeculated left ventricle
primitive atrium becomes
trabeculated right and left atria
sinus venosus becomes
smooth right atrium, coronary sinus
how does the ventricular region of the heart tube move during looping?
ventrally, caudally, and to the right
how does the atrial region of the heart tube move during looping?
dorsally, cranially, and to the left
when is the basic circulatory plan set up
3.5 weeks
vitelline veins
carry blood from yolk sac
umbilical veins
carry blood from placenta
cardinal veins
carry blood from embryo
how are great vessels formed?
from degeneration of aortic arches
truncus arteriosus
primitive outflow tract, becomes aorta and pulmonary trunk
when does septation occur
between 27-37 days
sinus venarum is formed from
parts of sinus venosus
smooth left atrium is formed from
proximal parts of pulmonary veins
when does the septum primum appear
end of the 4th week
atrial septal defect
occurs if foramen ovale is too large or if septum secundum doesn’t grow enough
septation of atrioventricular canal
proliferating endocardial cells on dorsal and ventral walls grow towards each other and then fuse and form a canal
most common congenital cardiac defect
membranous ventricular septal defect
when does septation of outflow tract occur
5th week
conotruncal ridges are formed from
proliferating endocardial cells
components of membranous ventricular septum
inferior conotruncal ridges, endocardial cushions, muscular ventricular septum
why does spiriling occur in septation of outflow tract
so that the aorta is connected with the LV and pulmonary trunk is connect with RV
defects in forming of aorticopulmonary septum
persistent truncus arteriosus, transposition of great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot
persistent truncus arteriosus
no aorticopulmonary septum forms
transposition of great vessels
the aorticopulmonary septum doesn’t spiral
tetralogy of Fallot
aorticopulmonary septum forms asymmetrically
3 shunts in fetal circulation
ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
ductus venosus
shunts blood from umbilical vein to IVC, bypassing liver
foramen ovale
shunts blood from RA to LA
ductus arteriosus
shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to descending aorta, bypassing lungs
when does ductus arteriosus close fully
within 24 hours of birth
what keeps ductus arteriosus open in utero?
Prostaglanding E2 from placenta
what closes ductus arteriosus at birth?
bradykinin
ductus venosus becomes
ligamentun venosum
foramen ovale becomes
fossa ovale
ductus arteriosus becomes
ligamentum arteriosum
embryonic stage of lung development time
3-6 weeks
embryonic stage of lung development
lung bud from foregut branches to form tertiary bronchi
errors in embryonic stage of lung development
can lead to tracheoesophageal fistula
pseudoglandular stage lung development time
6-16 weeks
pseudoglandular stage lung development
bronchi branch to form terminal bronchioles; respiration impossible
saccular stage lung development
alveolar ducts divide into primitive alveoli with type I and II pneumocytes, surfactant is made
canalicular stage lung development time
16-26 weeks
canalicular stage lung development
terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts and capillaries cover them
saccular stage lung develpoment time
26-36 weeks
alveolar stage lung development time
36 weeks - 8 years
alveolar lung development
alveoli increase and mature
what components of lung development are endodermal
epithelium of trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs
esophageal atresia
esophagus is blind ended tube
RDS occurs in babies born before
28th week of pregnancy
