Unit 9: Respiratory System

Question 1

what are the functions of the respiratory system (no need to know all on the spot)

Answer 1

1. Brings oxygen to alveoli
2. removes CO2
3. filters, warms, and humidifies air
4. produces sound
5. helps with smell
6. assists in regulating pH

Question 2

also called nostrils, allow the entrace of air

Answer 2

nares

Question 3

lined with mucous and ciliated epithelium, where sense of smell begins

Answer 3

nasal cavity

Question 4

posterior to the nasal cavity, part of the throat

Answer 4

nasopharynx

Question 5

known as the throat, this region is shared by both the digestive and respiratory system

Answer 5

pharynx

Question 6

is also known as the voice box.

Answer 6

larynx

Question 7

is known as the windpipe and serves as a passageway fro air

Answer 7

trachea

Question 8

the trachea branches within the mediastinum giving way to

Answer 8

bronchi

Question 9

are smaller air passages which branch from the bronchi; small bronchi

Answer 9

bronchioles

Question 10

are enlarged chambers found at the end of the bronchioles

Answer 10

alveolar ducts

Question 11

are small, sac-like structures which serve as the gas exchange surface of the lungs

Answer 11

alveoli

Question 12

located behind the nasal cavity extending to the level of the soft palate. serves as a passage for air

Answer 12

nasopharynx

Question 13

located behind the mouth from the level of the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone. serves as passageway for both air and food

Answer 13

oropharynx

Question 14

located from the hyoid bone to the esophagus; serves as a passage for food

Answer 14

laryngopharynx

Question 15

flap-like cartilage structure located at the back of the tongue near the entrance to trachea. closes over during swallowing

Answer 15

epiglottis

Question 16

slit-like opening between the true vocal cords.

Answer 16

glottis

Question 17

located between the lower jaw and larynx; does not articulate with any other bone. helps move the tongue

Answer 17

hyoid bone

Question 18

is the largest cartilage of the larynx; nicknamed the adam’s apple, bigger in men than women

Answer 18

thyroid cartilage

Question 19

is a “signet ring” shaped cartilage forming part of the posterior wall and is the most inferior placed of all the laryngeal cartilages

Answer 19

cricoid cartilage

Question 20

most inferior pair of horizontal folds in the mucous membrane of the larynx. contain elastic fibers, which vibrate when air is passed over then.

Answer 20

true vocal cords

Question 21

most superior of the two pairs of horizontal folds in the mucous membrane of the larynx. contain muscle fibers. help close the glottis during swallowing

Answer 21

false vocal cords

Question 22

is the pointed, superior portion of the lungs which projects above the clavicles

Answer 22

apex

Question 23

the broad inferior surface of the lungs which rests on the diaphragm

Answer 23

base

Question 24

how many lobes does the right lung contain

Answer 24

3

Question 25

how many lobes does the left lung contain

Answer 25

2

Question 26

serous membrane which covers the outer surface of the lungs and extends into the fissures separating the lobes

Answer 26

visceral pleura

Question 27

serous membrane which covers the inner surface of the pleural cavities and extends over the diaphragm

Answer 27

parietal pleura

Question 28

the mediastinum divides the thoracic cavity into

Answer 28

pleural cavity

Question 29

are primary gas exchange structures

Answer 29

alveoli

Question 30

is also known as breathing or the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 30

ventilation

Question 31

the process of exchanging gases between the air and the blood

Answer 31

external respiration

Question 32

the process of exchanging gases between the blood and the body cells.

Answer 32

internal respiration

Question 33

is the respiratory stimulus

Answer 33

carbon dioxide

Question 34

is one of the COPD's. irreversible enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles due to destruction of the alveolar walls

Answer 34

emphysema

Question 35

or the flu, is an acute, highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract.

Answer 35

influenza

Question 36

is the most common type of cancer in the United states. attributed to the inhalation of pollutants, especially those found in cigarette smoke

Answer 36

lung cancer

Question 37

is an acute infection of the lungs which prevent gas exchange

Answer 37

pneumonia

Question 38

is a mysterious killer which takes the lives of apparently health infants between the ages of four weeks and seven months

Answer 38

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 39

is a bacterial infection of the lungs is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates.

Answer 39

tuberculosis

Question 40

what is Boyle's law

Answer 40

as pressure is squared, volume is halved

Question 41

what does Charles law state

Answer 41

as temperature goes up, volume goes up

Question 42

what does Henry's law state

Answer 42

as you change your elevation by 30 feet you gain or lose 1ATM=760MMH

Question 43

is the normal amount of air you breath each respiration and how much

Answer 43

Tidal volume (TV) (500ccs)

Question 44

is the air that can be forcefully inhaled after the normal inspiration of tidal volume and how much

Answer 44

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (3100ccs)

Question 45

is the air that can be forcefully exhaled after the normal expiration of tidal volume and how much

Answer 45

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) (1200ccs)

Question 46

volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forcible expiration

Answer 46

Residual Volume (RV) (1200ccs)

Question 47

the greatest amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the largest possible breath and how much

Answer 47

Vital Capacity (VC) (4800ccs)

Question 48

the total volume of air that can be drawn into the lungs

Answer 48

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) (3600ccs)

Question 49

is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration

Answer 49

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) (2400ccs)

Question 50

is the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs

Answer 50

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (6000ccs)

Question 51

what five things make up total lung capacity

Answer 51

residual volume expiratory reserve volume tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume

Question 52

what three things make up vital capacity

Answer 52

expiratory reserve volume tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume

Question 53

what two things make up inspiratory capacity

Answer 53

tidal volume | inspiratory reserve volume

Question 54

what two things make up functional residual volume

Answer 54

residual volume | expiratory reserve volume