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Basic Medical Anatomy > Unit 9: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Unit 9: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what are the functions of the respiratory system (no need to know all on the spot)

A
  1. Brings oxygen to alveoli
  2. removes CO2
  3. filters, warms, and humidifies air
  4. produces sound
  5. helps with smell
  6. assists in regulating pH
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2
Q

also called nostrils, allow the entrace of air

A

nares

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3
Q

lined with mucous and ciliated epithelium, where sense of smell begins

A

nasal cavity

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4
Q

posterior to the nasal cavity, part of the throat

A

nasopharynx

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5
Q

known as the throat, this region is shared by both the digestive and respiratory system

A

pharynx

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6
Q

is also known as the voice box.

A

larynx

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7
Q

is known as the windpipe and serves as a passageway fro air

A

trachea

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8
Q

the trachea branches within the mediastinum giving way to

A

bronchi

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9
Q

are smaller air passages which branch from the bronchi; small bronchi

A

bronchioles

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10
Q

are enlarged chambers found at the end of the bronchioles

A

alveolar ducts

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11
Q

are small, sac-like structures which serve as the gas exchange surface of the lungs

A

alveoli

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12
Q

located behind the nasal cavity extending to the level of the soft palate. serves as a passage for air

A

nasopharynx

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13
Q

located behind the mouth from the level of the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone. serves as passageway for both air and food

A

oropharynx

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14
Q

located from the hyoid bone to the esophagus; serves as a passage for food

A

laryngopharynx

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15
Q

flap-like cartilage structure located at the back of the tongue near the entrance to trachea. closes over during swallowing

A

epiglottis

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16
Q

slit-like opening between the true vocal cords.

A

glottis

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17
Q

located between the lower jaw and larynx; does not articulate with any other bone. helps move the tongue

A

hyoid bone

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18
Q

is the largest cartilage of the larynx; nicknamed the adam’s apple, bigger in men than women

A

thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

is a “signet ring” shaped cartilage forming part of the posterior wall and is the most inferior placed of all the laryngeal cartilages

A

cricoid cartilage

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20
Q

most inferior pair of horizontal folds in the mucous membrane of the larynx. contain elastic fibers, which vibrate when air is passed over then.

A

true vocal cords

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21
Q

most superior of the two pairs of horizontal folds in the mucous membrane of the larynx. contain muscle fibers. help close the glottis during swallowing

A

false vocal cords

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22
Q

is the pointed, superior portion of the lungs which projects above the clavicles

A

apex

23
Q

the broad inferior surface of the lungs which rests on the diaphragm

A

base

24
Q

how many lobes does the right lung contain

A

3

25
Q

how many lobes does the left lung contain

A

2

26
Q

serous membrane which covers the outer surface of the lungs and extends into the fissures separating the lobes

A

visceral pleura

27
Q

serous membrane which covers the inner surface of the pleural cavities and extends over the diaphragm

A

parietal pleura

28
Q

the mediastinum divides the thoracic cavity into

A

pleural cavity

29
Q

are primary gas exchange structures

A

alveoli

30
Q

is also known as breathing or the movement of air into and out of the lungs

A

ventilation

31
Q

the process of exchanging gases between the air and the blood

A

external respiration

32
Q

the process of exchanging gases between the blood and the body cells.

A

internal respiration

33
Q

is the respiratory stimulus

A

carbon dioxide

34
Q

is one of the COPD’s. irreversible enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles due to destruction of the alveolar walls

A

emphysema

35
Q

or the flu, is an acute, highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract.

A

influenza

36
Q

is the most common type of cancer in the United states. attributed to the inhalation of pollutants, especially those found in cigarette smoke

A

lung cancer

37
Q

is an acute infection of the lungs which prevent gas exchange

A

pneumonia

38
Q

is a mysterious killer which takes the lives of apparently health infants between the ages of four weeks and seven months

A

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

39
Q

is a bacterial infection of the lungs is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates.

A

tuberculosis

40
Q

what is Boyle’s law

A

as pressure is squared, volume is halved

41
Q

what does Charles law state

A

as temperature goes up, volume goes up

42
Q

what does Henry’s law state

A

as you change your elevation by 30 feet you gain or lose 1ATM=760MMH

43
Q

is the normal amount of air you breath each respiration and how much

A

Tidal volume (TV) (500ccs)

44
Q

is the air that can be forcefully inhaled after the normal inspiration of tidal volume and how much

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (3100ccs)

45
Q

is the air that can be forcefully exhaled after the normal expiration of tidal volume and how much

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) (1200ccs)

46
Q

volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forcible expiration

A

Residual Volume (RV) (1200ccs)

47
Q

the greatest amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the largest possible breath and how much

A

Vital Capacity (VC) (4800ccs)

48
Q

the total volume of air that can be drawn into the lungs

A

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) (3600ccs)

49
Q

is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) (2400ccs)

50
Q

is the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (6000ccs)

51
Q

what five things make up total lung capacity

A

residual volume
expiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume

52
Q

what three things make up vital capacity

A

expiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume

53
Q

what two things make up inspiratory capacity

A

tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume

54
Q

what two things make up functional residual volume

A

residual volume

expiratory reserve volume

Basic Medical Anatomy (12 decks)

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