Unit 11: Urinary System

Question 1

what are the functions of the urinary system (no need to know them all word for word)

Answer 1

regulate composition and volume of blood
excretes water
maintains blood pressure
helps regulate metabolic processes
helps to regulate the pH of blood

Question 2

are paired organs. found in the posterior abdominal wall. attached to the aorta by the renal artery

Answer 2

kidney

Question 3

wall behind the peritoneum

Answer 3

retroperitoneal (notice the the word elements)

Question 4

are long, slender tubes which extend from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. transport urine from kidney to bladder

Answer 4

ureters

Question 5

a sac-like structure found in the pelvic cavity. connects ureters and the urethra. hold urine until micturition

Answer 5

bladder

Question 6

a small tube (2 inches in females and 8 inches in males)

Answer 6

urethra

Question 7

is the notch near the center of the concave medial border through which the ureter leaves the kidney

Answer 7

hilus, hilum

Question 8

is the outer, reddish section of the kidney

Answer 8

renal cortex

Question 9

is the middle, brownish area of the kidney

Answer 9

renal medulla

Question 10

are 8 to 18 triangular structures located within the medulla

Answer 10

renal (medullary) pyramids

Question 11

is a large cavity within the renal sinus that collects urine from the renal pyramids

Answer 11

renal pelvis

Question 12

are the functional units of the kidneys

Answer 12

nephrons

Question 13

a tiny area of the kidney where the fluid is filtered as it passes through the kidney

Answer 13

renal corpuscle

Question 14

is a double-walled, endothelial cup surrounding the glomerulus

Answer 14

Glomerular (Bowman’s capsule)

Question 15

blood vessel that brings blood into the glomerulus

Answer 15

afferent arteriole

Question 16

is the blood vessel that exits the glomerulus.

Answer 16

efferent arteriole

Question 17

are large pores in the endothelial walls of the capillaries of the glomerulus

Answer 17

fenestrae

Question 18

are cells of the walls of the glomerular (Bowman’s_ capsule that have slits in them that work in conjuction with the fenestrae

Answer 18

podocytes

Question 19

is an epithelium structure that provides areas for filtered fluid to pass through to fine tune the composition of urine

Answer 19

renal tubule

Question 20

blood vessels (capillaries) surrounding the renal tubules

Answer 20

peritubular capillaries

Question 21

located where the distal convoluted tubule touches the afferent arterioles

Answer 21

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 22

first step in urine production. forcing of fluids and dissolved substances from the blood through a membrane by pressure from the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 22

Glomerular filtration

Question 23

the movement of certain amounts of fluid and filtrate from the renal tubule back into the blood. both active and passive transport. reabsorbed substances are moved out of the tubule and enter the blood of the peritubular capillary

Answer 23

tubular reabsorption

Question 24

the addition of materials to the filtrate from the blood. essential the opposite of reabsorption

Answer 24

tubular secretion

Question 25

what are the three basic physiological processes of urine

Answer 25

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 26

an analysis of the volume, physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of the urine

Answer 26

urinalysis

Question 27

the amount of urine produced

Answer 27

urine volume

Question 28

refers to the concentration of urine as compared to water

Answer 28

specific gravity

Question 29

what are the four organic components of urine

Answer 29

urea uric acid creatine ketone bodies

Question 30

a crystalline solid found in blood, lymph, and urine formed by deamination of amino acids

Answer 30

urea

Question 31

a crystalline acid occurring as an end product of nucleic acid metabolism

Answer 31

uric acid

Question 32

the decomposition product of the metabolism of phosphocreatine - an end product of muscle metabolism and/or energy metabolism

Answer 32

creatine

Question 33

substance containing carboxyl groups as a result of incomplete metabolism of fatty acids

Answer 33

ketone bodies

Question 34

what are six abnormal components of urine

Answer 34

``` glucose ketone bodies erythocytes leukocytes bilirubin microbes ```

Question 35

glucose in the urine

Answer 35

glucosuria or glycosuria

Question 36

ketone bodies in the urine

Answer 36

ketosis or acetonuria

Question 37

blood in the urine

Answer 37

hematuria

Question 38

leukcoytes or other components of pus in the urine

Answer 38

pyuria

Question 39

excessive amounts of bilirubin in the urine

Answer 39

bilirubinuria

Question 40

production and evaporation of fluids from the body in an attempt to regulate body temperature

Answer 40

sweat

Question 41

some water is eliminated by the body through defecation

Answer 41

feces

Question 42

some fluid is lost from the body through ventilation of exhaled water vapor

Answer 42

exhaled vapor

Question 43

what are the three terms that are used to indicate urination

Answer 43

micturition, urinate, voiding

Question 44

inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteria

Answer 44

cystitis

Question 45

is the excessive urination of water due to a lack of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH). kidneys are not able to absorb water which results in excessive formation of urine

Answer 45

diabetes insipidus

Question 46

inflammation of the glomeruli, is caused by bacterial infection.

Answer 46

glomerulonephritis

Question 47

is the ability to control urination.

Answer 47

incontinence

Question 48

are crystallized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis of calyces

Answer 48

kidney stones (renal calculi, nephrolithiasis

Question 49

is the sudden interruption of kidney function due to obstruction, reduced circulation, or kidney disease

Answer 49

renal failure

Question 50

include cystitis and urethritis. generally caused by bacteria and are treated with antibiotics

Answer 50

urinary tract infections